Origin and Development of Interstitial Cells of Cajal.

The digestive tract is a series of organs with specific functions and specialized anatomy. Each organ is organized similarly with concentric layers of epithelial, connective, smooth muscle, and neural tissues. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are distributed in smooth muscle layers and contribute to the organization of repetitive and rhythmic smooth muscle contractions. Understanding ICC development is critical to understanding gastrointestinal motility patterns. Experiments determining ICC origin and development in mice, chicken, and humans are described, as well as what is known in the zebrafish. At least six types of ICC in the digestive tract have been described and ICC heterogeneity in adult tissues is reviewed. Factors required for ICC development and for maintenance of ICC subclasses are described. This review is suitable for those new to ICC development and physiology, especially those focused on using zebrafish and other model systems.