Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India.
University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India.
Protein Pept Lett. 2024;31(8):586-601. doi: 10.2174/0109298665310091240809103048.
This review explores the burgeoning field of macromolecular polymer-based complexes, highlighting their revolutionary potential for the delivery of nucleotides for therapeutic applications. These complexes, ingeniously crafted from a variety of polymers, offer a unique solution to the challenges of nucleotide delivery, including protection from degradation, targeted delivery, and controlled release. The focus of this report is primarily on the design principles, encapsulation strategies, and biological interactions of these complexes, with an emphasis on their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to form diverse structures, such as nanoparticles and micelles. Significant attention is paid to the latest advancements in polymer science that enable the precise tailoring of these complexes for specific nucleotides, such as DNA, RNA, and siRNA. The review discusses the critical role of surface modifications and the incorporation of targeting ligands in enhancing cellular uptake and ensuring delivery to specific tissues or cells, thereby reducing off-target effects and improving therapeutic efficacy. Clinical applications of these polymer-based delivery systems are thoroughly examined with a focus on their use in treating genetic disorders, cancer, and infectious diseases. The review also addresses the challenges and limitations currently faced in this field, such as scalability, manufacturing complexities, and regulatory hurdles. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state and future prospects of macromolecular polymer-based complexes in nucleotide delivery. It underscores the significance of these systems in advancing the field of targeted therapeutics and their potential to reshape the landscape of medical treatment for a wide range of diseases.
本文综述了大分子聚合物基复合物这一新兴领域，重点探讨了它们在核苷酸治疗应用递送上的突破性潜力。这些复合物由多种聚合物巧妙构建而成，为核苷酸递送上的挑战提供了独特的解决方案，包括保护其免受降解、靶向递药和控制释放。本报告的重点主要在于这些复合物的设计原则、封装策略和生物相互作用，特别强调其生物相容性、生物可降解性以及形成多种结构（如纳米颗粒和胶束）的能力。文中还关注了使这些复合物能够针对特定核苷酸（如 DNA、RNA 和 siRNA）进行精确定制的聚合物科学的最新进展。本文讨论了表面修饰和靶向配体的引入在增强细胞摄取和确保递送到特定组织或细胞中的关键作用，从而减少脱靶效应并提高治疗效果。文中还深入探讨了这些基于聚合物的递药系统在治疗遗传疾病、癌症和传染病方面的临床应用。此外，还讨论了当前该领域面临的挑战和限制，如可扩展性、制造复杂性和监管障碍。总的来说，本文全面概述了大分子聚合物基复合物在核苷酸递送上的现状和未来前景。文中强调了这些系统在推进靶向治疗领域的重要性及其在广泛疾病治疗方面重塑医疗格局的潜力。
