Unit of Phoniatrics, Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Lotfy Elsayed Street, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
Unit of Phoniatrics, Otorhinolaryngology Department, El-Khanka Psychiatric Hospital, Egypt Ministry of Health and Population, Egypt.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2024 Sep;184:112080. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2024.112080. Epub 2024 Aug 22.
Children with ADHD were found to have language impairment in many studies. The way they use language in their everyday life may be affected, namely, the pragmatic aspect of language. Measuring the affected parameters in all aspects of language will help to reach better rehabilitation. Thus, this study set out to observe relationships between hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention with all language domains in 30 Egyptian Arabic-speaking children with ADHD between 4 and ≤7 years old with the aim of better intervention. Children were evaluated to establish the diagnosis of ADHD and its type following the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-V criteria and the Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised. Language abilities were assessed by the Pre-school Language Scale 4th edition (Arabic version), the Arabic articulation test, and the Egyptian Arabic Pragmatic Language Test. This assessment covered receptive and expressive language abilities and phonological and pragmatic skills.
Compared to norms, it was found that the ADHD children who participated in this study had non-significant language delays in the parameters of the modified PLS-4 test. 70 % of the ADHD children had total pragmatic test scores below their 5th percentile, while 30 % of the children had total pragmatic test scores above their 5th percentile. 50 % of ADHD children failed to master certain sounds corresponding to their phonological age. A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between each of the inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity scores and the receptive, expressive, total language ages, and pragmatic language scores.
Children with ADHD in this study did not show major difficulties in areas beyond what would be expected in normally developing children. Most children with ADHD in the present study had problems with pragmatic language aspects that are correlated positively to ADHD symptoms. 50 % of ADHD children failed to master certain sounds corresponding to their chronological age.
许多研究发现，患有 ADHD 的儿童存在语言障碍。他们在日常生活中使用语言的方式可能会受到影响，即语言的语用方面。测量语言各个方面受影响的参数将有助于更好地康复。因此，本研究旨在观察 30 名 4 至≤7 岁的讲埃及阿拉伯语的 ADHD 儿童的多动/冲动和注意力不集中与所有语言领域之间的关系，目的是进行更好的干预。根据 DSM-V 标准和康纳父母评定量表修订版的诊断标准，对儿童进行评估以确定 ADHD 的诊断及其类型。通过学前语言量表第 4 版（阿拉伯语版）、阿拉伯语发音测试和埃及阿拉伯语语用语言测试评估语言能力。该评估涵盖了接受性和表达性语言能力以及语音和语用技能。
与常模相比，研究发现，参加本研究的 ADHD 儿童在改良 PLS-4 测试的参数中没有明显的语言延迟。70%的 ADHD 儿童的总语用测试分数低于第 5 百分位，而 30%的儿童的总语用测试分数高于第 5 百分位。50%的 ADHD 儿童未能掌握与其语音年龄相对应的某些声音。在注意力不集中和多动/冲动评分与接受性、表达性、总语言年龄和语用语言评分之间观察到具有统计学意义的负相关。
本研究中的 ADHD 儿童在正常发育儿童的预期范围之外没有表现出重大困难。本研究中的大多数 ADHD 儿童在语用语言方面存在问题，这些问题与 ADHD 症状呈正相关。50%的 ADHD 儿童未能掌握与其年龄相对应的某些声音。
