Amalia Beladenta, Astuti Putu Ayu Swandewi, Cohen Joanna E
Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Center for Indonesia's Strategic Development Initiatives (CISDI), Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Tob Control. 2024 Aug 23. doi: 10.1136/tc-2024-058661.
In 2017, Indonesia initiated the amendment of its 11-year-old tobacco control regulation (PP 109/2012) to reduce smoking among youth, but the process was stalled. The proposed changes in the regulation include a full ban on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS), increasing health warning label (HWL) size and regulating electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). This study analysed the arguments and actors for and against the PP 109/2012 amendment in online media articles.
Content analysis of 326 online articles reporting on the PP 109/2012 amendment published from 2018 to 2023, retrieved from the Tobacco Watcher platform. We coded articles for statements supporting or opposing the amendment (position statement), content of the arguments used to support (supporting argument) and oppose (opposing argument) the amendment, actors presenting the arguments and tobacco control measures. We iteratively reviewed and coded data and presented the frequency of categories.
Of 332 position statements, 53.3% were against the amendment. The main categories of supporting arguments (N=1448) included smoking trends (21.1%), health implications (16.6%), science-based evidence (9.6%) and protecting the population (9.2%). Opposing arguments (N=1413) emphasised the tobacco farmers' welfare (16.6%), impact on the industry (16.4%) and current regulation is sufficient (11.0%). Supporting actors were predominantly health-related entities and government officials (89.3%), while 62.1% of opposing actors included trade and Islamic groups, the tobacco industry and front groups. HWLs, e-cigarette/heated tobacco product regulation and TAPS were the main (77.8%) tobacco control measures mentioned in the proamendment arguments, while HWLs, TAPS and cigarette sale restrictions were the dominant (79.3%) tobacco control measures in anti-amendment arguments.
Indonesia's tobacco control reform faced opposition by false claims primarily from industry allies, resulting in a 5-year delay in enactment. Future tobacco control media advocacy must address these claims and emphasise the alignment of economic interests with public health goals.
2017年，印度尼西亚启动了对其已有11年历史的烟草控制法规（PP 109/2012）的修订，以减少青少年吸烟，但该进程陷入停滞。该法规提议的修改内容包括全面禁止烟草广告、促销和赞助（TAPS），加大健康警示标签（HWL）尺寸以及规范电子烟。本研究分析了在线媒体文章中支持和反对PP 109/2012修订案的论点及相关行为主体。
对从烟草观察平台检索到的2018年至2023年发表的326篇报道PP 109/2012修订案的在线文章进行内容分析。我们对文章中支持或反对修订案的陈述（立场声明）、用于支持（支持性论点）和反对（反对性论点）修订案的论据内容、提出论点的行为主体以及烟草控制措施进行编码。我们反复审查并编码数据，并呈现各类别的频率。
在332条立场声明中，53.3%反对修订案。支持性论点的主要类别（N = 1448）包括吸烟趋势（21.1%）、健康影响（16.6%）、科学依据（9.6%）和保护人群（9.2%）。反对性论点（N = 1413）强调烟农福利（16.6%）、对行业的影响（16.4%）以及现行法规已足够（11.0%）。支持修订案的行为主体主要是与健康相关的实体和政府官员（89.3%），而62.1%的反对行为主体包括贸易和伊斯兰团体、烟草行业及前沿团体。健康警示标签、电子烟/加热烟草制品法规和烟草广告、促销和赞助是支持修订案论点中提及的主要（77.8%）烟草控制措施，而健康警示标签、烟草广告、促销和赞助以及香烟销售限制是反对修订案论点中的主要（79.3%）烟草控制措施。
印度尼西亚的烟草控制改革面临主要来自行业盟友的虚假主张的反对，导致法案颁布推迟了5年。未来的烟草控制媒体宣传必须应对这些主张，并强调经济利益与公共卫生目标的一致性。
