Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
BMC Urol. 2024 Aug 24;24(1):178. doi: 10.1186/s12894-024-01560-2.
Urinary incontinence (UI) is defined as any involuntary leakage of urine. UI during pregnancy is a common health problem worldwide with prevalence ranging from 11.4 to 84.5%. In Ethiopia there has been limited research conducted on UI among pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of UI, factors associated with UI and the impact on quality of life in pregnant women.
Cross-sectional study was conducted from December 1, 2022 to April 30, 2023. A total of 279 pregnant women attending Antenatal care were included. Data was entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 26 for cleaning and analysis. Chi-square test and logistic regression were done to look for factors associated with UI. We used 95% confidence interval of crude and adjusted odds ratios for analysis. Those variables with P-value < 0.05 were declared to be statistically significant.
Overall prevalence of UI was 18.6% (n = 52). Prevalence of each type of UI during pregnancy was 9.3% for Stress UI, 5% for Urge UI and 4.3% for mixed UI. Of all participants having UI, 2(3.8%) were having UI prior to pregnancy, while 3(5.8%), 16(30.7%) and 31(59.6) have encountered during first, second and third trimester respectively. Three fourth of the participants 38(73.1%) doesn't seek treatment for their UI. Presence of history of UI [AOR = 38.1, 95%CI: (7.95, 182.75)], previous history of instrumental delivery [AOR = 7.4, 95%CI: (3.05, 18.04)] and history of alcohol intake [AOR = 17.0, 95%CI: (1.49, 194.41)] were found to be significantly associated with UI while moderate severity UI [AOR = 12.9, 95%CI (1.46, 113.28)] and severe UI [AOR = 27, 95%CI (1.98, 138.38)] were significantly associated with Poor quality of life at p-value of < 0.05. Based on severity score UI was moderate in 34 (65.4%) and severe in 8 (15.4%) of the participants.
UI affects one fifth of pregnant women (18.6%) and Stress UI is the most common type of UI during pregnancy. Previous history of UI, instrumental delivery and alcohol intake were found to be risk factors for UI. Pregnant women have to be advised to avoid or reduce alcohol consumption and to seek treatment for their problem. Follow up throughout pregnancy and postpartum period is very important to plan for further management of UI.
尿失禁（UI）被定义为任何不由自主的尿液泄漏。怀孕期间的尿失禁是全球范围内常见的健康问题，其患病率范围为 11.4%至 84.5%。在埃塞俄比亚，针对孕妇尿失禁的研究有限。本研究旨在调查怀孕期间尿失禁的患病率、与尿失禁相关的因素以及对孕妇生活质量的影响。
横断面研究于 2022 年 12 月 1 日至 2023 年 4 月 30 日进行。共纳入 279 名接受产前护理的孕妇。数据输入 Epi-data 版本 3.1，然后导出到 SPSS 版本 26 进行清理和分析。卡方检验和逻辑回归用于寻找与尿失禁相关的因素。我们使用了 95%的置信区间，对粗比值比和调整比值比进行分析。P 值<0.05 的变量被认为具有统计学意义。
尿失禁的总体患病率为 18.6%（n=52）。怀孕期间每种类型的尿失禁的患病率分别为：压力性尿失禁 9.3%、急迫性尿失禁 5%、混合性尿失禁 4.3%。所有患有尿失禁的参与者中，有 2 人（3.8%）在怀孕前就患有尿失禁，而 3 人（5.8%）、16 人（30.7%）和 31 人（59.6%）分别在第一、第二和第三孕期出现尿失禁。四分之三的参与者（38 人，73.1%）没有为她们的尿失禁寻求治疗。有尿失禁史（AOR=38.1，95%CI：（7.95，182.75））、既往器械分娩史（AOR=7.4，95%CI：（3.05，18.04））和饮酒史（AOR=17.0，95%CI：（1.49，194.41））与尿失禁显著相关，而中度严重程度的尿失禁（AOR=12.9，95%CI（1.46，113.28））和严重尿失禁（AOR=27，95%CI（1.98，138.38））与生活质量较差显著相关（p 值<0.05）。根据严重程度评分，34 名参与者（65.4%）为中度尿失禁，8 名参与者（15.4%）为重度尿失禁。
尿失禁影响五分之一的孕妇（18.6%），压力性尿失禁是怀孕期间最常见的尿失禁类型。既往尿失禁史、器械分娩和饮酒是尿失禁的危险因素。孕妇必须被建议避免或减少饮酒，并为她们的问题寻求治疗。整个怀孕期间和产后阶段的随访非常重要，以便为进一步管理尿失禁做出计划。
