Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea; K-Food Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
Department of Food and Nutrition, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea.
J Nutr Health Aging. 2024 Sep;28(9):100335. doi: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100335. Epub 2024 Aug 24.
This study aimed to compare the distinct socio-ecological characteristics, nutritional status, and nutrient intake quality of the older adults based on breakfast skipping (EBF, eating breakfast vs. SBF, skipping breakfast). This study also investigated the association between breakfast skipping, socioecological features, and quality of nutrient consumption.
From the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2020), data of 92,093 subjects aged ≥ 65 years old (male: 43,910 and female: 48,183) having data with eating habits, such as nutrient intake and skipping breakfast were analyzed.
The average age of SBF was markedly lower than EBF. EBF had a lower employed status, education level, heavy alcohol intake frequency, smoking, and eating out regularly than SBF. Compared to EBF, SBF showed a significantly higher BMI and waist circumference. Moreover, EBF showed a markedly higher average intake in energy, protein, fiber, calcium, and iron compared with SBF, while SBF had a noticeably higher mean intake in fat, saturated fat, and sugar. In addition, SBF had a significantly reduced mean adequacy ratio (MAR, adjusted OR: 0.260 [95% CI: 0.245-0.276]) and the value of index nutritional quality (INQ, adjusted OR: 0.847 [95% CI: 0.799-0.898]) compared with EBF.
There were distinct socioecological features and nutritional conditions of older adults relying on breakfast skipping; and a strong association between breakfast skipping, socioecological parameters, and nutrient intake quality. These observations provide the significance of breakfast skipping in the nutritional status of older adults and offer fundamental information for nutritional education and implications for older adults.
本研究旨在比较基于不吃早餐（EBF，吃早餐与 SBF，不吃早餐）的老年人在社会生态学特征、营养状况和营养素摄入质量方面的差异。本研究还探讨了不吃早餐、社会生态学特征和营养素摄入质量之间的关系。
本研究基于 2020 年第八次韩国国家健康和营养调查（KNHANES）的数据，对 92093 名年龄≥65 岁的（男性 43910 人，女性 48183 人）有饮食习惯数据（如营养素摄入和不吃早餐）的受试者进行了分析。
与 EBF 相比，SBF 的平均年龄明显较低。与 EBF 相比，SBF 的就业状况、教育水平、大量饮酒频率、吸烟和定期外出就餐频率较低。与 EBF 相比，SBF 的 BMI 和腰围明显较高。此外，与 SBF 相比，EBF 的能量、蛋白质、纤维、钙和铁的平均摄入量显著较高，而 SBF 的脂肪、饱和脂肪和糖的平均摄入量较高。此外，与 EBF 相比，SBF 的平均充足率（MAR，调整后的 OR：0.260 [95%CI：0.245-0.276]）和营养质量指数（INQ，调整后的 OR：0.847 [95%CI：0.799-0.898]）明显降低。
不吃早餐的老年人在社会生态学特征和营养状况方面存在明显差异；而且不吃早餐、社会生态学参数和营养素摄入质量之间存在很强的关联。这些观察结果为了解老年人的营养状况提供了不吃早餐的重要意义，并为老年人的营养教育和应用提供了基本信息。
