Deshmukh-Taskar Priya R, Nicklas Theresa A, O'Neil Carol E, Keast Debra R, Radcliffe John D, Cho Susan
US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-2600, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2010 Jun;110(6):869-78. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2010.03.023.
National data comparing nutrient intakes and anthropometric measures in children/adolescents in the United States who skip breakfast or consume different types of breakfasts are limited.
To examine the relationship between breakfast skipping and type of breakfast consumed with nutrient intake, nutrient adequacy, and adiposity status.
Children aged 9 to 13 years (n=4,320) and adolescents aged 14 to 18 years (n=5,339).
Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006.
Breakfast consumption was self-reported. A 24-hour dietary recall was used to assess nutrient intakes. Mean adequacy ratio (MAR) for micronutrients and anthropometric indexes were evaluated. Covariate-adjusted sample-weighted means were compared using analysis of variance and Bonferroni's correction for multiple comparisons among breakfast skippers (breakfast skippers), ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal consumers, and other breakfast (other breakfast) consumers.
Twenty percent of children and 31.5% of adolescents were breakfast skippers; 35.9% of children and 25.4% of adolescents consumed RTE cereal. In children/adolescents, RTE cereal consumers had lower intakes of total fat and cholesterol and higher intakes of total carbohydrate, dietary fiber, and several micronutrients (P<0.05 for all) than breakfast skippers and other breakfast consumers. RTE cereal consumers had the highest MAR for micronutrients, and MAR was the lowest for breakfast skippers (P<0.05). In children/adolescents, breakfast skippers had higher body mass index-for-age z scores (P<0.05) and a higher waist circumference (P<0.05) than RTE cereal and other breakfast consumers. Prevalence of obesity (body mass index > or = 95th percentile) was higher in breakfast skippers than RTE cereal consumers (P<0.05) in children/adolescents and was higher in other breakfast consumers than RTE cereal consumers only in adolescents (P<0.05).
RTE cereal consumers had more favorable nutrient intake profiles and adiposity indexes than breakfast skippers or other breakfast consumers in US children/adolescents.
在美国，比较不吃早餐或食用不同类型早餐的儿童/青少年的营养摄入量和人体测量指标的全国性数据有限。
研究不吃早餐和所食用早餐类型与营养摄入量、营养充足率及肥胖状况之间的关系。
9至13岁儿童（n = 4320）和14至18岁青少年（n = 5339）。
来自1999 - 2006年国家健康与营养检查调查的横断面数据。
早餐食用情况通过自我报告获取。采用24小时饮食回顾法评估营养摄入量。评估微量营养素的平均充足率（MAR）和人体测量指标。使用方差分析和Bonferroni校正对不吃早餐者、即食（RTE）谷物消费者和其他早餐消费者进行多重比较，比较协变量调整后的样本加权均值。
20%的儿童和31.5%的青少年不吃早餐；35.9%的儿童和25.4%的青少年食用RTE谷物。在儿童/青少年中，RTE谷物消费者的总脂肪和胆固醇摄入量低于不吃早餐者和其他早餐消费者，而总碳水化合物、膳食纤维和几种微量营养素的摄入量高于他们（所有P<0.05）。RTE谷物消费者的微量营养素MAR最高，不吃早餐者的MAR最低（P<0.05）。在儿童/青少年中，不吃早餐者的年龄别体重指数z评分（P<0.05）和腰围（P<0.05）高于RTE谷物消费者和其他早餐消费者。在儿童/青少年中，不吃早餐者的肥胖患病率（体重指数≥第95百分位数）高于RTE谷物消费者（P<0.05），在青少年中，其他早餐消费者的肥胖患病率高于RTE谷物消费者（P<0.05）。
在美国儿童/青少年中，RTE谷物消费者的营养摄入情况和肥胖指数比不吃早餐者或其他早餐消费者更有利。
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