Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza-Cremona, Italy; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.
Cancer Treat Rev. 2024 Nov;130:102816. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102816. Epub 2024 Aug 17.
The human body represents the habitat of trillions of symbiotic microorganisms, collectively known as human microbiota, approximately half of which residing in the gut. The development of next-generation sequencing techniques has boosted the profiling of human microbiota in recent years. A growing body of evidence seems to support a strict relationship between the disruption of the mutualistic relationship between the microbiota and the host (i.e., dysbiosis) and the development of several diseases, including breast malignancies. Breast cancer still represents the most frequent cause of cancer-related death in women. Its complex relationship with gut microbiota is the object of a growing body of evidence. In fact, the interaction with the host immune system and a direct impact of gut microbiota on estrogen, lipid and polyphenols metabolism, seem to potentially affect breast tumor development, progression and response to treatments. In this review, in an attempt to help oncologists navigating this rapidly-evolving research field, we provide an essential overview on the taxonomy, main analytical techniques and terminology most commonly adopted. We discuss what is currently known regarding the interaction between gut microbiota and breast cancer and potential efforts to harness this complex interplay for therapeutic purposes, and revise main ongoing studies. We also briefly provide an overview on breast cancer intratumoral microbiota and its potential role beyond gut microbiota.
人体是数万亿共生微生物的栖息地，这些微生物统称为人体微生物组，其中约一半存在于肠道中。近年来，下一代测序技术的发展推动了人体微生物组的分析。越来越多的证据似乎支持微生物组与宿主之间的共生关系（即失调）的破坏与多种疾病的发展之间存在严格的关系，包括乳腺癌。乳腺癌仍然是女性癌症相关死亡的最常见原因。它与肠道微生物组的复杂关系是越来越多证据的研究对象。事实上，肠道微生物组与宿主免疫系统的相互作用以及对雌激素、脂质和多酚代谢的直接影响，似乎有可能影响乳腺肿瘤的发展、进展和对治疗的反应。在这篇综述中，为了帮助肿瘤学家在这个快速发展的研究领域中进行导航，我们提供了关于分类、最常用的主要分析技术和术语的基本概述。我们讨论了目前已知的肠道微生物组与乳腺癌之间的相互作用以及利用这种复杂相互作用进行治疗的潜在努力，并复习了主要的正在进行的研究。我们还简要概述了乳腺癌肿瘤内微生物组及其在肠道微生物组之外的潜在作用。
