Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
Developmental Neurobiology and Forensic Anatomy Unit, Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2025 Jan 10;336:118731. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118731. Epub 2024 Aug 29.
Calyptrochilum emarginatum (Afzel. Ex Sw.) Schltr. (Orchidaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant known for its antimicrobial properties and efficacy in managing convulsive fever and menstrual disorders and addressing conditions such as malaria, tuberculosis, and cough.
The study aims to examine the memory-enhancing and neuroprotective properties of ethanol extract of Calyptrochilum emarginatum leaves (EECEL) in scopolamine-induced amnesia mice model.
Forty-two male mice were divided into six groups (n = 7). Group 1 served as control, administered distilled water (10 mL/kg, p. o), group 2 received scopolamine only (3 mg/kg, i. p.), groups 3 to 6 received pretreatments of EECEL (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, p. o.) and donepezil (1 mg/kg, p. o.) 30 min before scopolamine (3 mg/kg), for seven days. Following treatments, behavioral (learning and memory) assessments were carried out, while biochemical (acetylcholinesterase activity, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines markers) and histological evaluations were done after euthanasia.
Scopolamine significantly impaired spatial, long term and recognition memory. Nevertheless, administration of EECEL (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg orally) enhanced memory function in mice, as observed in the Y maze [F (5, 30) = 20.23, p < 0.0001], Morris water maze [F (10, 90) = 3.105, p = 0.0019; [F (5, 30) = 21.13, p < 0.0001]], and novel object recognition tasks [F (5, 30) = 37.22, p < 0.0001)]. Scopolamine-treated mice exhibited significant dysfunction in the cholinergic system, as evidenced by elevated AChE activity [0.099 ± 0.005 vs. 0.063 ± 0.004 mol/min/g] with an elevation in oxidative stress. On the other hand, administration of EECEL counteracted these consequences by reducing AChE activity, mitigating oxidative damage, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and preventing degeneration of neurons.
The results demonstrated that EECEL effectively mitigates scopolamine-induced memory impairment via an oxido-inflammatory mechanism and modulation of the central cholinergic system.
Calyptrochilum emarginatum (Afzel. Ex Sw.) Schltr.（兰科）是一种传统的药用植物，具有抗菌特性，在治疗惊厥性发热和月经紊乱方面有效，并能治疗疟疾、肺结核和咳嗽等疾病。
本研究旨在研究乙醇提取物 Calyptrochilum emarginatum 叶（EECEL）对东莨菪碱诱导的记忆障碍小鼠模型的增强记忆和神经保护作用。
42 只雄性小鼠分为 6 组（n=7）。第 1 组为对照组，给予蒸馏水（10ml/kg，po），第 2 组仅给予东莨菪碱（3mg/kg，ip），第 3 组至第 6 组给予 EECEL（50、100 和 200mg/kg，po）和多奈哌齐（1mg/kg，po）预处理，30min 前给予东莨菪碱（3mg/kg），共 7 天。在进行治疗后，进行行为（学习和记忆）评估，然后在安乐死后进行生物化学（乙酰胆碱酯酶活性、氧化应激标志物、炎症细胞因子标志物）和组织学评估。
东莨菪碱显著损害空间、长期和识别记忆。然而，EECEL（50、100 和 200mg/kg 口服）给药可增强小鼠的记忆功能，如在 Y 迷宫[F（5，30）=20.23，p<0.0001]、水迷宫[F（10，90）=3.105，p=0.0019；F（5，30）=21.13，p<0.0001]和新物体识别任务[F（5，30）=37.22，p<0.0001]中观察到。东莨菪碱处理的小鼠表现出胆碱能系统的明显功能障碍，表现为乙酰胆碱酯酶活性升高[0.099±0.005 与 0.063±0.004 mol/min/g]和氧化应激升高。另一方面，EECEL 的给药通过降低乙酰胆碱酯酶活性、减轻氧化损伤、降低促炎细胞因子和防止神经元变性来抵消这些后果。
结果表明，EECEL 通过氧化应激和中枢胆碱能系统的调节，有效减轻东莨菪碱诱导的记忆障碍。
