Silver L B, Silver B J, Silverman M M, Prescott W, del Pollard L
Public Health Rep. 1985 Jan-Feb;100(1):40-8.
The 124,769 Cubans who entered the United States from Cuba in a boatlift in 1980 included a small minority of people who needed mental health care. Some had been taken involuntarily from psychiatric hospitals, mental retardation facilities, jails, and prisons. The National Institute of Mental Health, Public Health Service (PHS), was responsible for mental health screening, evaluation, and treatment of the Cuban Entrants. Bilingual psychiatrists and psychologists found that many Entrants given preliminary evaluations showed evidence of transient situational stress reactions, not psychiatric illnesses. Entrants who had not yet been sponsored were consolidated into one facility in October 1980, and about 100 of those with severe problems were transferred to an Immigration and Naturalization Service-PHS evaluation facility in Washington, DC. Between March 1, 1981, and March 1, 1982, a total of 3,035 Entrants were evaluated at both facilities. Among the 1,307 persons who presented symptoms, there was a primary diagnosis of personality disorders for 26 percent, schizophrenic disorders for 15 percent, adjustment disorders for 14.5 percent, mental retardation for 8.6 percent, chronic alcohol abuse for 8.6 percent, and major depression for 7.2 percent. Only 459 Cubans with symptoms were found to be in need of further psychiatric care. As of October 1984, many Entrants with psychiatric illnesses remained under inpatient or community-based halfway house psychiatric care as a direct Federal responsibility. A PHS program for further placement in community-based facilities is underway.
1980年，124,769名古巴人通过乘船抵达美国，其中一小部分人需要心理健康护理。有些人是被强制从精神病院、智障机构、监狱中带出来的。美国国立精神卫生研究所（隶属于公共卫生服务部）负责对这些古巴入境者进行心理健康筛查、评估和治疗。双语精神科医生和心理学家发现，许多接受初步评估的入境者表现出短暂的情境性应激反应迹象，而非精神疾病。尚未得到赞助的入境者于1980年10月被集中安置在一个设施中，其中约100名问题严重的人被转移到华盛顿特区的一个移民归化局 - 公共卫生服务部评估机构。在1981年3月1日至1982年3月1日期间，两个机构共对3,035名入境者进行了评估。在出现症状的1,307人中，初步诊断为人格障碍的占26%，精神分裂症占15%，适应障碍占14.5%，智力障碍占8.6%，慢性酒精滥用占8.6%，重度抑郁症占7.2%。只有459名有症状的古巴人被发现需要进一步的精神科护理。截至1984年10月，许多患有精神疾病的入境者仍在接受住院治疗或由联邦直接负责的社区中途之家精神科护理。一项将患者进一步安置到社区设施的公共卫生服务部计划正在实施中。
