Manderscheid R W, Witkin M J, Rosenstein M J, Bass R D
Public Health Rep. 1986 Sep-Oct;101(5):532-9.
The National Reporting Program for Mental Health Statistics had its origins in the decennial U.S. census, with enumeration of the "insane and idiotic" in 1840. A series of special censuses of the insane and feebleminded in public and private hospitals and other institutions began in 1904, and annual censuses of patients in mental institutions were conducted from 1926 to 1946. The National Institute of Mental Health of the Public Health Service took over responsibility for the annual census of patients in mental institutions in 1947. Coverage and content remained the same until the mid-1960s, when only State and county mental hospitals were included in the census. Because the annual census could not provide the data needed, separate programs were begun for inpatient and outpatient service. These were integrated into the National Reporting Program in 1966. Trend data for the last 40 years describe how the specialty mental health sector has developed. Non-Federal general hospitals with separate psychiatric services increased dramatically, from 81 in 1940 to 1,531 in 1982, as did community mental health centers, from 125 in 1965 to 691 in 1980. There was generally less emphasis on inpatient care and more on outpatient care. Full-time equivalent staff in specialty mental health facilities increased from about 325,000 in 1970 to about 432,000 in 1982. Expenditures by facilities also increased dramatically.
国家心理健康统计报告计划起源于美国每十年进行一次的人口普查，1840年对“精神病患者和低能者”进行了统计。1904年开始对公立和私立医院及其他机构中的精神病患者和低能者进行一系列特别普查，1926年至1946年对精神病院患者进行年度普查。1947年，公共卫生服务部的国家心理健康研究所接管了精神病院患者年度普查的责任。直到20世纪60年代中期，普查的范围和内容一直保持不变，当时普查只包括州和县立精神病医院。由于年度普查无法提供所需数据，因此针对住院和门诊服务启动了单独的项目。这些项目于1966年被纳入国家报告计划。过去40年的趋势数据描述了专业心理健康部门的发展情况。设有独立精神科服务的非联邦综合医院数量大幅增加，从1940年的81家增至1982年的1531家，社区心理健康中心的数量也从1965年的125家增至1980年的691家。总体而言，对住院治疗的重视程度降低，对门诊治疗的重视程度增加。专业心理健康机构的全职等效工作人员从1970年的约32.5万人增加到1982年的约43.2万人。各机构的支出也大幅增加。
