Zhou Yanlin, Yu Nancy Xiaonan, Liang Zhanhong, Feng Shanshan, Zhang Qiong
Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
J Adolesc. 2024 Dec;96(8):1929-1941. doi: 10.1002/jad.12392. Epub 2024 Aug 25.
Executive functions (EF), encompassing inhibition, updating, and shifting, are widely acknowledged as cognitive factors that promote resilience. However, prior research examining the association between EF and resilience has been hampered by inconsistent conceptualizations of resilience and an overreliance on cross-sectional designs. We embraced a process-oriented conceptualization of resilience and employed a longitudinal approach to investigate how EF components interplay with the dynamic processes of resilience resources and resilient functioning.
A total of 144 Chinese preadolescents (aged 10-12, 53.5% male) completed computer-based EF assessments at baseline and self-reported their resilience at three intervals during 2019-2020. The resilience evaluations encompassed resilience resources at individual, familial, and social levels, as measured by the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents, and resilient functioning, operationalized as the residuals of socioemotional difficulties after accounting for stressful life events.
The findings emphasized the dynamic nature of resilience, unveiling a developmental cascade from resilience resources to resilient functioning and back to resilience resources. Furthermore, distinct effects of EF components on resilience development were found. Specifically, inhibition was associated with both concurrent and long-term resilience resources and functioning, while updating predicted long-term resilience resources, and shifting predicted long-term resilient functioning.
These results underscored the pivotal role of EF as a cognitive foundation in comprehending the dynamic resilience processes during preadolescence.
执行功能（EF）包括抑制、更新和转换，被广泛认为是促进复原力的认知因素。然而，先前研究EF与复原力之间的关联时，受到复原力概念不一致以及过度依赖横断面设计的阻碍。我们采用了以过程为导向的复原力概念化方法，并采用纵向研究方法来探究EF各组成部分如何与复原力资源和复原功能的动态过程相互作用。
共有144名中国青少年（年龄10 - 12岁，男性占53.5%）在基线时完成了基于计算机的EF评估，并在2019 - 2020年期间分三个时间段自我报告了他们的复原力。复原力评估包括个体、家庭和社会层面上的复原力资源，通过《中国青少年复原力量表》进行测量，以及复原功能，将其定义为在考虑应激性生活事件后社会情感困难的残差。
研究结果强调了复原力的动态本质，揭示了从复原力资源到复原功能再回到复原力资源的发展级联。此外，还发现了EF各组成部分对复原力发展的不同影响。具体而言，抑制与同时期和长期的复原力资源及功能相关，而更新预测了长期的复原力资源，转换预测了长期的复原功能。
这些结果强调了EF作为认知基础在理解青少年期动态复原力过程中的关键作用。
