Meena Parmeshwar Lal, Surela Ajay Kumar
Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur 302004 India
RSC Adv. 2024 Aug 23;14(37):26801-26819. doi: 10.1039/d4ra02550d. eCollection 2024 Aug 22.
Water contamination by highly toxic substances has generated serious ecological disturbances and health problems for humans. Hence, decontamination of toxic pollutants using advanced, inexpensive, and eco-friendly approaches is the current demand. Heterogeneous catalyst-based catalytic reduction processes have offered the opportunity to transform hazardous water pollutants into non-hazardous products sustainable, eco-friendly, and efficient routes and might be a competitive substitute for existing traditional water purification techniques. However, the key challenges linked with pure heterogeneous catalysts include agglomeration and poor dispersion, stability, recovery, and reusability, which result in poor activity and efficiency. Thus, it is essential to produce multipurpose polymer-based composite catalysts using conducting polymers, which are exceptionally good supportive and matrix materials. The blending of metal-based nanomaterials with polyaniline conducting polymers produces highly stable and efficient heterogeneous nanocomposite catalysts with amazing catalytic activity against a wide range of water pollutants. The heterogeneous catalytic reductive degradation of immensely toxic pollutant water has gained substantial curiosity because of its excellent physicochemical and surface characteristics, porous structure, recoverability, and recyclability. Therefore, this review presents the latest efforts to generate various polyaniline-based nanocomposite catalysts using a polyaniline matrix and various nanofiller materials and their potential applications in heterogeneous catalytic reduction degradation of water pollutants.
高毒性物质造成的水污染给人类带来了严重的生态干扰和健康问题。因此，采用先进、廉价且环保的方法对有毒污染物进行净化是当前的需求。基于多相催化剂的催化还原工艺为将有害水污染物转化为无害产物提供了机会，这是可持续、环保且高效的途径，并且可能成为现有传统水净化技术的有力替代方案。然而，与纯多相催化剂相关的关键挑战包括团聚、分散性差、稳定性、回收和再利用性，这些导致了活性和效率低下。因此，使用导电聚合物制备多功能聚合物基复合催化剂至关重要，导电聚合物是非常好的支撑和基体材料。金属基纳米材料与聚苯胺导电聚合物的混合产生了高度稳定且高效的多相纳米复合催化剂，对多种水污染物具有惊人的催化活性。剧毒污染物水的多相催化还原降解因其优异的物理化学和表面特性、多孔结构、可回收性和可再循环性而备受关注。因此，本综述介绍了利用聚苯胺基体和各种纳米填料材料制备各种聚苯胺基纳米复合催化剂的最新研究成果，以及它们在水污染物多相催化还原降解中的潜在应用。
