Elrakaiby Galal B, Ghabashi Alaa E, Sakhakhni Abdulrazak M, Allaf Faris M, Alamoudi Saeed M, Khan Muhammad A
Critical Care Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU.
Otolaryngology, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU.
Cureus. 2024 Jul 26;16(7):e65462. doi: 10.7759/cureus.65462. eCollection 2024 Jul.
COVID-19 is a viral infection affecting the respiratory system, primarily. It has spread globally ever since it first appeared in China in 2019. The use of high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) for the treatment of COVID-19 has not been well established.
The primary objectives of this study are to observe the success of HFNO in preventing escalation to mechanical ventilation (MV) and to measure the prevalence of HFNO in King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC). The secondary objective is to describe patients who received HFNO clinically.
This is a retrospective cohort study of all polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 patients who require oxygen therapy in KAMC, Jeddah between March 1st, 2020, and December 31st, 2020. Any patients requiring MV on admission were excluded.
259 patients fit the inclusion criteria, and 25.5% of those included received HFNO. The number of non-survivors is 47 (18.1%). Mortality for HFNO, MV, and intensive care unit (ICU) are 30 (45.5%), 31 (60.8%), and 24 (32%), respectively. Their demographic was as follows; 160 were males, with a mean age of 60.93±15.01. Regarding the types of oxygen, low-flow nasal oxygen (LFNO) was administered to 243 out of the 259 patients, 66 received HFNO, 42 received MV, and 49 received other modes of ventilation. Additionally, 43.9% received HFNO escalated to MV. Patients who did not receive HFNO or MV were 178 (68.7%) in total.
The use of HFNO in COVID-19 patients could show better outcomes than MV in addition to preventing the use of MV. Larger studies are required to determine the efficacy of HFNO in COVID-19 patients.
新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）是一种主要影响呼吸系统的病毒感染。自2019年在中国首次出现以来，它已在全球范围内传播。高流量鼻导管给氧（HFNO）用于治疗COVID-19的效果尚未得到充分证实。
本研究的主要目的是观察HFNO在预防病情升级至机械通气（MV）方面的成效，并测定阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王医疗城（KAMC）中HFNO的使用普及率。次要目的是临床描述接受HFNO治疗的患者。
这是一项回顾性队列研究，研究对象为2020年3月1日至2020年12月31日期间在吉达KAMC确诊为COVID-19且需要氧疗的所有聚合酶链反应（PCR）确诊患者。入院时需要MV的任何患者均被排除。
259名患者符合纳入标准，其中25.5%的患者接受了HFNO。非幸存者有47人（18.1%）。接受HFNO、MV和重症监护病房（ICU）治疗的患者死亡率分别为30人（45.5%）、31人（60.8%）和24人（32%）。他们的人口统计学特征如下：男性160人，平均年龄60.93±一岁。关于给氧类型，259名患者中有243人接受了低流量鼻导管给氧（LFNO），66人接受了HFNO，42人接受了MV，49人接受了其他通气模式。此外，43.9%接受HFNO治疗的患者升级为MV。未接受HFNO或MV治疗的患者共有178人（68.7%）。
在COVID-19患者中使用HFNO除了能避免使用MV外，可能还会比MV显示出更好的治疗效果。需要开展更大规模的研究来确定HFNO在COVID-19患者中的疗效。
