Rahmah Zainabur, Nirmala Kautsar Citra, Nashichuddin Ach, Riskiyana Riskiyana, Milliana Alvi, Indriana Nurfianti, Astari Lina Fitria, Ayudianti Prida, Kholil Munawar
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia.
Medicine Study Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia.
Vet World. 2024 Jul;17(7):1497-1503. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1497-1503. Epub 2024 Jul 10.
Brain malaria, which results from infection, is responsible for substantial fatalities and health issues. These processes, including cytoadherence, rosetting, and sequestration, induce an immune response, hypoxia, brain microvascular obstruction, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, and cell death. Parasitemia level can reveal the presence of infection and its association with apoptosis-related genes. Neem () leaves with antimalarial properties could replace ineffective Indonesian malaria medications. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of neem leaf extract on cerebral malaria-induced parasitemia and neuron cell apoptosis in mice through an approach.
13-16 weeks old C57BL mice received infection by strain ANKA. Parasitemia was estimated daily from the mice's tail blood. 8 mg, 12 mg, and 16 mg of a 96% ethanolic neem leaf extract were orally given for 6 days. Healthy, positive, and negative controls were included for treatment comparisons. On the 7 day, brain tissue was analyzed for (p > 0.05) gene expression. Through immunohistochemistry, both cell apoptosis in neurons expressing caspase-3 within a brain sample and the degree of parasitemia in a blood smear were assessed. The Pearson correlation test and one-way analysis of variance were employed to analyze the data.
Neem leaf extract reduces parasitemia and neuron cell apoptosis at multiple dosages (p < 0.000). Apoptosis in brain neurons and parasitemia show a strong positive correlation (r = +0.939). Neem leaf extract at doses of 12 and 16 mg was the most effective in reducing parasitemia levels and causing cell death.
Neem leaf therapy significantly reduced the degree of parasitemia and cell apoptosis in C57BL mice compared with the control group without treatment (p = 0.05). This shows that neem leaves have the potential to be a candidate drug for malaria.
脑型疟疾由感染所致，会导致大量死亡和健康问题。这些过程，包括细胞黏附、红细胞凝聚和滞留，会引发免疫反应、缺氧、脑微血管阻塞、血脑屏障破坏以及细胞死亡。疟原虫血症水平可揭示感染的存在及其与凋亡相关基因的关联。具有抗疟特性的印楝叶可替代无效的印度尼西亚疟疾药物。本研究旨在通过一种方法评估印楝叶提取物对小鼠脑型疟疾诱导的疟原虫血症和神经元细胞凋亡的影响。
13 - 16周龄的C57BL小鼠接受ANKA株感染。每天从小鼠尾血中估算疟原虫血症。口服给予8毫克、12毫克和16毫克96%乙醇印楝叶提取物，持续6天。纳入健康、阳性和阴性对照进行治疗比较。在第7天，分析脑组织中（p > 0.05）基因表达。通过免疫组织化学，评估脑样本中表达半胱天冬酶 - 3的神经元中的细胞凋亡以及血涂片中的疟原虫血症程度。采用Pearson相关性检验和单因素方差分析来分析数据。
印楝叶提取物在多个剂量下均可降低疟原虫血症和神经元细胞凋亡（p < 0.000）。脑神经元凋亡与疟原虫血症呈强正相关（r = +0.939）。12毫克和16毫克剂量的印楝叶提取物在降低疟原虫血症水平和导致细胞死亡方面最为有效。
与未治疗的对照组相比，印楝叶疗法显著降低了C57BL小鼠的疟原虫血症程度和细胞凋亡（p = 0.05）。这表明印楝叶有潜力成为疟疾的候选药物。
