Veterinary Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences (Animal Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences), Urumqi, China.
Veterinary Department, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Urumqi, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024 Aug 9;14:1433359. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1433359. eCollection 2024.
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a life-threatening disease in humans caused by the larval stage of . Domestic animals, dogs, foxes, and small mammals constitute the circular chain of AE. To evaluate the infection, distribution, and genetic polymorphism of AE in the Ili Prefecture (Nilka, Xinyuan and Zhaosu), we conducted this survey.
In June and July 2018, 267 small mammals were captured using water-infusion and mousetrap methods. Combined pathogenic and molecular biological methods were used to observe the histopathology of carried by rodents, amplify the mitochondrial 1 gene of the pathogen, and investigate the genotype and haplotype diversity of in rodents in Ili Prefecture.
Morphological identification revealed that these captured small mammals belonged to three species, with being the dominant species (183/267). Pathological and molecular biological results confirmed that was the pathogen of echinococcosis in small mammals, with an infection rate of 15.73% (42/267). Among the three areas sampled, the highest infection rate of rodents was 25.45% (14/55) in Nilka County. However, there was no significant difference in the infection rates between regions (χ = 5.119, p > 0.05). Of the three captured rodent species, had the highest infection rate of 17.49% (32/183), but there was no significant difference in infection rates between the rodent species (χ = 1.364, p > 0.05). Phylogenetic analyses showed that the nad1 gene sequences obtained in this study clustered in the same clade as isolates from China. These isolates contained 21 haplotypes (Hap_1-21); Hap_2 was the most common haplotype (9/42). Furthermore, haplotype diversity (0.925 ± 0.027) and nucleotide diversity (0.01139 ± 0.00119) were higher in the Ili Prefecture than in other regions, indicating that population differentiation was high. Tajima's D and Fu's Fs tests were negative (p > 0.10), indicating that the population had expanded. The low fixation index (Fst) ranged from 0.00000 to 0.16945, indicating that the degree of genetic differentiation was different among different populations.
In summary, Ili Prefecture is a high incidence area of AE, and Microtus spp. may play an important role in the transmission of AE in this area. The results of this study provide basic data for further study of the molecular epidemiology, genetic differences, and control of in the Ili Prefecture, Xinjiang.
泡型包虫病（AE）是一种危及人类生命的疾病，由幼虫阶段的棘球绦虫引起。家畜、犬、狐狸和小型哺乳动物构成了 AE 的循环链。为了评估伊犁州（尼勒克、新源和昭苏）的 AE 感染、分布和遗传多态性，我们进行了这项调查。
2018 年 6 月至 7 月，采用水注入和捕鼠器方法捕获了 267 只小型哺乳动物。采用结合病原学和分子生物学的方法，观察了啮齿动物携带的病原体的组织病理学变化，扩增了病原体的线粒体 1 基因，并调查了伊犁州啮齿动物中病原体的基因型和单倍型多样性。
形态学鉴定表明，这些捕获的小型哺乳动物属于三个物种，其中小家鼠为优势种（183/267）。病理和分子生物学结果证实，这些小型哺乳动物携带的病原体是包虫病的病原体，感染率为 15.73%（42/267）。在三个采样区域中，尼勒克县的啮齿动物感染率最高，为 25.45%（14/55）。然而，不同地区的感染率无显著差异（χ=5.119，p>0.05）。在所捕获的三种啮齿动物中，小家鼠的感染率最高，为 17.49%（32/183），但不同啮齿动物的感染率无显著差异（χ=1.364，p>0.05）。系统进化分析显示，本研究获得的 nad1 基因序列与来自中国的分离株聚类在同一分支中。这些分离株包含 21 种单倍型（Hap_1-21）；Hap_2 是最常见的单倍型（9/42）。此外，伊犁州的单倍型多样性（0.925±0.027）和核苷酸多样性（0.01139±0.00119）均高于其他地区，表明种群分化程度较高。Tajima 的 D 和 Fu 的 Fs 检验均为阴性（p>0.10），表明种群扩张。低固定指数（Fst）范围为 0.00000 至 0.16945，表明不同种群之间的遗传分化程度不同。
综上所述，伊犁州是 AE 的高发地区，而小家鼠可能在该地区 AE 的传播中发挥重要作用。本研究结果为进一步研究新疆伊犁州的包虫病分子流行病学、遗传差异和控制提供了基础数据。
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