Cadavid Restrepo Angela M, Yang Yu Rong, McManus Donald P, Gray Darren J, Giraudoux Patrick, Barnes Tamsin S, Williams Gail M, Soares Magalhães Ricardo J, Hamm Nicholas A S, Clements Archie C A
Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, New South Wales, Australia.
Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, P. R. China.
Infect Dis Poverty. 2016 Feb 19;5:13. doi: 10.1186/s40249-016-0109-x.
Echinococcoses are parasitic diseases of major public health importance globally. Human infection results in chronic disease with poor prognosis and serious medical, social and economic consequences for vulnerable populations. According to recent estimates, the geographical distribution of Echinococcus spp. infections is expanding and becoming an emerging and re-emerging problem in several regions of the world. Echinococcosis endemicity is geographically heterogeneous and over time it may be affected by global environmental change. Therefore, landscape epidemiology offers a unique opportunity to quantify and predict the ecological risk of infection at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Here, we review the most relevant environmental sources of spatial variation in human echinococcosis risk, and describe the potential applications of landscape epidemiological studies to characterise the current patterns of parasite transmission across natural and human-altered landscapes. We advocate future work promoting the use of this approach as a support tool for decision-making that facilitates the design, implementation and monitoring of spatially targeted interventions to reduce the burden of human echinococcoses in disease-endemic areas.
棘球蚴病是全球具有重大公共卫生意义的寄生虫病。人类感染会导致慢性病，预后不良，并给弱势群体带来严重的医学、社会和经济后果。根据最近的估计，棘球绦虫属感染的地理分布正在扩大，成为世界上几个地区新出现和再次出现的问题。棘球蚴病的地方病流行情况在地理上是异质的，并且随着时间的推移可能会受到全球环境变化的影响。因此，景观流行病学提供了一个独特的机会，可以在多个空间和时间尺度上量化和预测感染的生态风险。在这里，我们回顾了人类棘球蚴病风险空间变异最相关的环境来源，并描述了景观流行病学研究在表征寄生虫在自然和人类改变景观中传播的当前模式方面的潜在应用。我们提倡未来开展工作，推动将这种方法用作决策支持工具，以促进在疾病流行地区设计、实施和监测有针对性的空间干预措施，从而减轻人类棘球蚴病的负担。
