McCauley Patrick J, Bayles Alexandra V
Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.
ACS Eng Au. 2024 May 13;4(4):368-380. doi: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00001. eCollection 2024 Aug 21.
Multimaterial additive manufacturing incorporates multiple species within a single 3D-printed object to enhance its material properties and functionality. This technology could play a key role in distributed manufacturing. However, conventional layer-by-layer construction methods must operate at low volumetric throughputs to maintain fine feature resolution. One approach to overcome this challenge and increase production capacity is to structure multimaterial components in the printhead prior to deposition. Here we survey four classes of multimaterial nozzle innovations, nozzle arrays, coextruders, static mixers, and advective assemblers, designed for this purpose. Additionally, each design offers unique capabilities that provide benefits associated with accessible architectures, interfacial adhesion, material properties, and even living-cell viability. Accessing these benefits requires trade-offs, which may be mitigated with future investigation. Leveraging decades of research and development of multiphase extrusion equipment can help us engineer the next generation of 3D-printing nozzles and expand the capabilities and practical reach of multimaterial additive manufacturing.
多材料增材制造在单个3D打印物体中结合多种材料，以增强其材料性能和功能。这项技术可能在分布式制造中发挥关键作用。然而，传统的逐层构建方法必须以低体积产量运行，以保持精细特征分辨率。克服这一挑战并提高生产能力的一种方法是在打印头中对多材料部件进行结构化处理，然后再进行沉积。在此，我们概述了四类为此目的而设计的多材料喷嘴创新，即喷嘴阵列、共挤出机、静态混合器和平流组装器。此外，每种设计都具有独特的功能，能带来与可及结构、界面粘附、材料性能甚至活细胞活力相关的益处。要获得这些益处需要进行权衡，未来的研究可能会减轻这些权衡。利用几十年来在多相挤出设备方面的研发成果，有助于我们设计下一代3D打印喷嘴，并扩大多材料增材制造的能力和实际应用范围。
