Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Front Immunol. 2024 Aug 9;15:1456220. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1456220. eCollection 2024.
B cells are the cornerstone of our body's defense system, producing precise antibodies and safeguarding immunological memory for future protection against pathogens. While we have a thorough understanding of how naïve B cells differentiate into plasma or memory B cells, the early B cell response to various antigens-whether self or foreign-remains a thrilling and evolving area of study. Advances in imaging have illuminated the molecular intricacies of B cell receptor (BCR) signaling, yet the dynamic nature of B cell activation continues to reveal new insights based on the nature of antigen exposure. This review explores the evolutionary journey of B cells as they adapt to the unique challenges presented by pathogens. We begin by examining the specific traits of antigens that influence their pathogenic potential, then shift our focus to the distinct characteristics of B cells that counteract these threats. From foundational discoveries to the latest cutting-edge research, we investigate how B cells are effectively activated and distinguish between self and non-self antigens, ensuring a balanced immune response that defends against pathogenic diseases but not self-antigens.
B 细胞是我们身体防御系统的基石，它们产生精确的抗体，并为未来抵御病原体的保护提供免疫记忆。虽然我们已经深入了解了初始 B 细胞如何分化为浆细胞或记忆 B 细胞，但 B 细胞对各种抗原（无论是自身的还是外来的）的早期反应仍然是一个令人兴奋且不断发展的研究领域。成像技术的进步揭示了 B 细胞受体（BCR）信号转导的分子复杂性，但 B 细胞激活的动态性质仍然根据抗原暴露的性质揭示新的见解。本综述探讨了 B 细胞适应病原体带来的独特挑战的进化历程。我们首先研究了影响抗原致病潜力的特定特征，然后将注意力转移到对抗这些威胁的 B 细胞的独特特征上。从基础发现到最新的前沿研究，我们研究了 B 细胞如何被有效激活，并区分自身和非自身抗原，以确保平衡的免疫反应，既能抵御病原体疾病，又不会针对自身抗原。
