Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
Nutrients. 2020 Apr 20;12(4):1150. doi: 10.3390/nu12041150.
Readability of infant formula preparation instructions is universally poor, which may result in inaccurate infant feeding. Given that inaccurate formula dispensing can lead to altered infant growth and increased adiposity, there is an increased need for easy to follow instructions for formula preparation. We hypothesize that altering infant formula instruction labels using feedback from iterative focus groups will improve the preparation accuracy of powdered infant formula in a randomized controlled trial. Participants were recruited from the community, 18 years of age or older, willing to disclose demographic information for focus group matching, and willing to participate freely in the first ( = 21) or second ( = 150) phase of the study. In the second phase, participants were randomized to use the standard manufacturer instructions or to use the modified instructions created in the first phase. Accuracy was defined as the percent error between manufacturer-intended powder formula quantity and the amount dispensed by the participant. Participants who were assigned to the modified instructions were able to dispense the powdered formula more accurately than participants who used the standard manufacturer instructions (-0.67 ± 0.76 vs. -4.66 ± 0.74% error; < 0.0001). Accuracy in powdered formula dispensing was influenced by bottle size ( = 0.02) but not by body mass index ( = 0.17), education level ( = 0.75), income ( = 0.7), age ( = 0.89) or caregiver status ( = 0.18). Percent error of water measurement was not different between the groups (standard: -1.4 ± 0.6 vs. modified: 0.7 ± 0.6%; = 0.38). Thus, caloric density was more accurate in the modified instructions group compared to the standard manufacturer instructions group (-0.3 ± 0.6 vs.-2.9 ± 0.9%; = 0.03). Infant formula label modifications using focus group feedback increased infant formula preparation accuracy.
婴儿配方奶粉冲调说明的可读性普遍较差，这可能导致婴儿喂养不准确。由于不准确的配方奶调配会导致婴儿生长发育改变和肥胖增加，因此需要易于遵循的配方奶冲调说明。我们假设使用迭代焦点小组的反馈来改变婴儿配方奶粉的说明标签，将在一项随机对照试验中提高粉状婴儿配方奶粉的冲调准确性。参与者从社区招募，年龄在 18 岁或以上，愿意透露焦点小组匹配的人口统计学信息，并愿意自由参与研究的第一（=21）或第二（=150）阶段。在第二阶段，参与者被随机分配使用标准制造商说明或使用第一阶段创建的修改说明。准确性定义为制造商预期的粉末配方量与参与者分配量之间的百分比误差。使用修改说明的参与者能够更准确地分配粉状配方，而不是使用标准制造商说明的参与者（-0.67 ± 0.76 对-4.66 ± 0.74%误差；<0.0001）。粉末配方分配的准确性受瓶尺寸（=0.02）的影响，但不受体重指数（=0.17）、教育水平（=0.75）、收入（=0.7）、年龄（=0.89）或照顾者身份（=0.18）的影响。两组之间的水量测量百分比误差没有差异（标准：-1.4 ± 0.6 对修改：0.7 ± 0.6%；=0.38）。因此，与标准制造商说明组相比，修改说明组的热量密度更准确（-0.3 ± 0.6 对-2.9 ± 0.9%；=0.03）。使用焦点小组反馈修改婴儿配方奶粉标签提高了婴儿配方奶粉的准备准确性。
