School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29 - 39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom; School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29 - 39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
Eur J Pharm Sci. 2024 Nov 1;202:106889. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106889. Epub 2024 Aug 24.
A number of baby wipe formulations contain 2-phenoxyethanol (PE) as a preservative and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) as a surfactant with antimicrobial activity. Previously, we reported the skin absorption of PE in porcine skin and human skin in vitro. In the present work, the permeation of PE from preparations with CPC and without CPC was investigated in human skin in vivo. The studies were conducted using Confocal Raman Spectroscopy (CRS) and tape stripping (TS) methods. The CRS studies showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of PE for the formulation with and without CPC were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The TS data indicated no significant difference in the amounts of PE recovered from tapes 1-6 for the preparation with and without CPC (p > 0.05). When comparing the in vitro and in vivo data, a correlation was observed between the cumulative amount of PE permeated through human skin in vitro at 24 h and the AUC as measured by CRS (r = 0.97). In addition, the cumulative amount of PE permeated through human skin in vitro at 24 h was found to correlate with the amount of PE recovered from tape 1 to 6 in vivo (r = 0.95). Both CRS and TS techniques demonstrated limitations in assessing the distribution of PE and CPC in the skin in vivo, primarily attributed to the Raman signal intensities of compounds under investigation and the variability in the amount of SC collected by TS. Despite the limitations of CRS and TS, the results from the present study add further insights to the in vitro permeation data. Additionally, the findings of the present study encourage the further development and application of CRS for non-invasive evaluation of topical skin formulations in vivo.
许多婴儿湿巾配方中都含有 2-苯氧乙醇（PE）作为防腐剂和十六烷基吡啶氯（CPC）作为具有抗菌活性的表面活性剂。我们之前曾报道过 PE 在猪皮和人体皮肤中的体外皮肤吸收情况。在本工作中，我们研究了含有 CPC 和不含 CPC 的制剂中 PE 在人体皮肤中的渗透情况。研究采用共聚焦拉曼光谱（CRS）和胶带剥离（TS）方法进行。CRS 研究表明，含 CPC 和不含 CPC 的制剂中 PE 的曲线下面积（AUC）没有显著差异（p＞0.05）。TS 数据表明，含 CPC 和不含 CPC 的制剂从第 1 到第 6 条胶带中回收的 PE 量没有显著差异（p＞0.05）。当比较体外和体内数据时，观察到体外 24 小时时通过人体皮肤渗透的 PE 累积量与 CRS 测量的 AUC 之间存在相关性（r = 0.97）。此外，体外 24 小时时通过人体皮肤渗透的 PE 累积量与体内从第 1 到第 6 条胶带中回收的 PE 量之间存在相关性（r = 0.95）。CRS 和 TS 技术都显示出在评估体内 PE 和 CPC 在皮肤中的分布方面存在局限性，主要归因于研究中化合物的拉曼信号强度和 TS 收集的 SC 量的可变性。尽管 CRS 和 TS 存在局限性，但本研究的结果为体外渗透数据提供了更多的见解。此外，本研究的发现鼓励进一步开发和应用 CRS 用于非侵入性评估体内局部皮肤制剂。
