Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Sep 23;52(17):10040-10067. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkae736.
Nucleic acid-based diagnostics is a promising venue for detection of pathogens causing infectious diseases and mutations related to cancer. However, this type of diagnostics still faces certain challenges, and there is a need for more robust, simple and cost-effective methods. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs), the adaptive immune systems present in the prokaryotes, has recently been developed for specific detection of nucleic acids. In this review, structural and functional differences of CRISPR-Cas proteins Cas9, Cas12 and Cas13 are outlined. Thereafter, recent reports about applications of these Cas proteins for detection of viral genomes and cancer biomarkers are discussed. Further, we highlight the challenges associated with using these technologies to replace the current diagnostic approaches and outline the points that need to be considered for designing an ideal Cas-based detection system for nucleic acids.
基于核酸的诊断是一种很有前途的方法，可以检测引起传染病的病原体和与癌症相关的突变。然而，这种类型的诊断仍然面临着某些挑战，需要更强大、简单和具有成本效益的方法。CRISPR（规律成簇间隔短回文重复序列）是原核生物中存在的适应性免疫系统，最近已被开发用于特定的核酸检测。在这篇综述中，概述了 CRISPR-Cas 蛋白 Cas9、Cas12 和 Cas13 的结构和功能差异。此后，讨论了这些 Cas 蛋白在检测病毒基因组和癌症生物标志物方面的最新应用。此外，我们强调了使用这些技术替代当前诊断方法所面临的挑战，并概述了设计用于核酸的理想 Cas 基检测系统所需考虑的要点。
