Science Faculty, Physics Department, Dokuz Eylul University, 35390, İzmir, Turkey.
Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, 35100, İzmir, Turkey.
Environ Monit Assess. 2024 Aug 27;196(9):845. doi: 10.1007/s10661-024-13006-1.
All humans are exposed to radon, the primary source of natural radiation, which can harm people due to natural processes rather than human activity. Thus, it is of significant importance to determine the levels of radon in indoor, soil gas, water, and outdoors. Radon concentration (C) was measured in Kiraz district, İzmir, and the correlation between the indoor and soil gas C values was investigated. The indoor C values measured in 40 randomly selected dwellings in Kiraz exhibited a wide range from 19.50 ± 2.50 to 204.70 ± 8.00 Bq m with an average value of 61.11 ± 4.23 Bq m. The measured indoor C values were compared to the reference levels in the world to help control radon in the dwellings. Indoor C values were lower than the ICRP reference level of 300 Bq m in all of the dwellings studied. Furthermore, in 34 dwellings (representing 85% of the total number of dwellings studied), indoor C values were lower than the WHO reference level of 100 Bq m. Health hazard indices, namely annual effective dose (AED) and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR), were also calculated for each dwelling and compared with internationally acceptable levels to estimate the risk to human health. The AED values varied from 0.49 ± 0.06 to 5.16 ± 0.20 mSv y with an average value of 1.54 ± 0.11 mSv y, which exceeds the world average of 1.15 mSv y as reported by UNSCEAR. The ELCR values ranged from 2.05 ± 0.26 × 10 to 21.55 ± 0.84 × 10 with an average value of 6.43 ± 0.44 × 10, exceeding the world average of 0.29 × 10 as reported by UNSCEAR. The soil gas C values measured exhibited a wide variation ranging from 129.25 ± 6.38 Bq m to 6172.64 ± 44.06 Bq m with an average value of 1291.79 ± 18.70 Bq m. The soil gas C values were less than 10,000 Bq m; hence, the research area is categorized as "low radon risk areas" according to Sweden Criteria, and so no special constructions are required in the studied area. When soil gas C values were compared to indoor C values, no linear relationship was found between the C values. However, a strong positive linear correlation was found between indoor and soil gas C values less than 200 Bq m and 2500 Bq m, respectively.
所有人都暴露在氡气中，氡气是天然辐射的主要来源，它会对人体造成伤害，这是自然过程的结果，而非人类活动的结果。因此，确定室内、土壤气体、水和室外的氡气浓度非常重要。在伊兹密尔的基拉兹区测量了氡浓度（C），并研究了室内和土壤气体 C 值之间的相关性。在基拉兹区随机选择的 40 所住宅中测量的室内 C 值范围很广，从 19.50±2.50 到 204.70±8.00 Bq m，平均值为 61.11±4.23 Bq m。测量的室内 C 值与世界范围内的参考水平进行了比较，以帮助控制住宅内的氡气。在所研究的所有住宅中，室内 C 值均低于 ICRP 参考水平 300 Bq m。此外，在 34 所住宅（占研究住宅总数的 85%）中，室内 C 值低于世卫组织参考水平 100 Bq m。还为每个住宅计算了健康危害指数，即年有效剂量（AED）和超额终生癌症风险（ELCR），并与国际可接受水平进行了比较，以估计对人类健康的风险。AED 值从 0.49±0.06 到 5.16±0.20 mSv y 不等，平均值为 1.54±0.11 mSv y，高于 UNSCEAR 报告的世界平均值 1.15 mSv y。ELCR 值范围从 2.05±0.26×10到 21.55±0.84×10，平均值为 6.43±0.44×10，高于 UNSCEAR 报告的世界平均值 0.29×10。测量的土壤气体 C 值变化范围很广，从 129.25±6.38 Bq m 到 6172.64±44.06 Bq m，平均值为 1291.79±18.70 Bq m。土壤气体 C 值低于 10,000 Bq m；因此，根据瑞典标准，研究区域被归类为“低氡风险区域”，因此在研究区域不需要特殊结构。当比较土壤气体 C 值和室内 C 值时，发现 C 值之间没有线性关系。然而，在分别小于 200 Bq m 和 2500 Bq m 的室内和土壤气体 C 值之间发现了很强的正线性相关性。
