Mal Subhasree, Das Tridip K, Pradhan Shrabani, Ghosh Kuntal
Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, West Bengal, India.
Biodiversity and Environmental Studies Research Centre, Midnapore City College Affiliated to Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India.
Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2025 Feb;17(1):393-418. doi: 10.1007/s12602-024-10348-7. Epub 2024 Aug 27.
A gastric ulcer is a stomach lining or nearby intestine disruption caused by acid and pepsin. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and NSAIDs are the primary culprits behind stomach infections that can lead to gastric ulcers and other digestive disorders. Additionally, lifestyle choices such as alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking, stress, and exposure to cold environments can also contribute to non-infectious gastric ulcers. Various treatments are available for gastric ulcers, including antibiotics, anticholinergics, and antacids. However, potential concerns include antibiotic resistance, side effects, and treatment failure. Considering this, there is a need for an alternative approach to manage it. Fortunately, probiotics, typically Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, show potential for healing gastric ulcers, offering a non-invasive alternative to conventional treatments. A notable concern arises from applying probiotic bacteria stemming from the propensity of pathogenic bacteria to develop antimicrobial resistance in response to antibiotic therapies. Therefore, the use of yeast becomes more imperative due to its natural resistance to antibacterial antibiotics for antibacterial-treated patients. Probiotic bacteria and yeasts could heal gastric ulcers by regulating the immune response, reducing inflammation, and restoring the balance between defensive and aggressive factors of the gastric layer. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth analysis of the benefits of probiotics and their potential as a therapeutic treatment for non-infectious gastric ulcers, along with other probiotic options. In particular, this review provides a succinct summary of multiple literature studies on probiotics, emphasising the distinctive properties of yeast probiotics, as well as their (bacteria and yeasts) application in the management of non-infectious gastric ulcers.
胃溃疡是由胃酸和胃蛋白酶引起的胃黏膜或附近肠道的破损。幽门螺杆菌（H. pylori）和非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）是导致胃部感染进而引发胃溃疡和其他消化系统疾病的主要元凶。此外，饮酒、吸烟、压力以及暴露于寒冷环境等生活方式的选择也可能导致非感染性胃溃疡。胃溃疡有多种治疗方法，包括使用抗生素、抗胆碱能药物和抗酸剂。然而，潜在的问题包括抗生素耐药性、副作用和治疗失败。鉴于此，需要一种替代方法来管理胃溃疡。幸运的是，益生菌，通常是乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌，显示出治愈胃溃疡的潜力，为传统治疗提供了一种非侵入性的替代方案。一个值得注意的问题是，由于病原菌倾向于在抗生素治疗后产生抗微生物耐药性，应用益生菌会引发担忧。因此，对于接受抗菌治疗的患者，由于酵母对抗菌抗生素具有天然抗性，使用酵母变得更加必要。益生菌和酵母可以通过调节免疫反应、减轻炎症以及恢复胃层防御和攻击因素之间的平衡来治愈胃溃疡。这篇综述深入分析了益生菌的益处及其作为非感染性胃溃疡治疗方法的潜力，以及其他益生菌选择。特别是，这篇综述简要总结了关于益生菌的多项文献研究，强调了酵母益生菌的独特特性，以及它们（细菌和酵母）在非感染性胃溃疡管理中的应用。
