N. N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin Ave., 32A, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Mokhovaya St., 11, Moscow, 125009, Russia.
J Physiol Anthropol. 2024 Aug 27;43(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s40101-024-00367-2.
The positive changes in hygienic living conditions are commonly believed to explain secular changes in body height and the age of maturity. However, it is difficult to estimate the separate impacts of these factors due to the lack of social and economic data and variations in the sources of information. We hypothesized that final male body height could be associated with various socioeconomic indicators, such as the development of the medical care system, the quality of nutrition, and the level of sanitary and hygienic conditions. Moreover, we hypothesized that male body height could be associated with the level of morbidity in the region during the time of conscript childhood (from 1 to 7 years old).
We used two main sources of information in the analyses. The first is the data from the Statistical Reference Book published by the Central Statistical Committee in 1929. The second is the annual data from the Statistical Reference Book published in the Russian Empire. Since the conscripts were born between 1906 and 1909, we used datasets from 1910 to 1913. To analyze the data, we used a method of analyzing interacting variables called St. Nicolas House Analysis (SNHA).
Our analyses revealed direct associations between the morbidity of some diseases and male body height and other anthropometric parameters.
There are associations between conscript final body height and the morbidity of influenza, dysentery and some venereal diseases, such as chancroid and syphilis. There were no associations between conscript final body height and the level of morbidity during childhood. However, other final parameters, such as BMI, weight, and chest circumference, could be associated with the morbidity of malaria, scabies, scurvy, and scarlet fever during childhood. The prevalence of these diseases could be strongly connected with unfavorable living conditions. The results are similar for both urban and rural areas.
人们普遍认为，卫生生活条件的积极变化解释了身高和成熟年龄的长期变化。然而，由于缺乏社会经济数据以及信息来源的变化，很难估计这些因素的单独影响。我们假设最终男性身高可能与各种社会经济指标相关，如医疗保健系统的发展、营养质量以及卫生和卫生条件的水平。此外，我们假设男性身高可能与应征儿童时期（1 至 7 岁）该地区的发病水平相关。
我们在分析中使用了两个主要信息来源。第一个是中央统计局在 1929 年出版的《统计参考手册》中的数据。第二个是俄罗斯帝国出版的年度统计参考手册中的数据。由于应征者出生于 1906 年至 1909 年之间，因此我们使用了 1910 年至 1913 年的数据集。为了分析数据，我们使用了一种称为圣尼古拉之家分析（SNHA）的分析交互变量的方法。
我们的分析揭示了某些疾病的发病率与男性身高和其他人体测量参数之间的直接关联。
应征者最终身高与流感、痢疾和某些性病（如软性下疳和梅毒）的发病率之间存在关联。应征者最终身高与儿童时期的发病水平之间没有关联。然而，其他最终参数，如 BMI、体重和胸围，可能与儿童时期疟疾、疥疮、坏血病和猩红热的发病率相关。这些疾病的流行可能与不利的生活条件密切相关。城市和农村地区的结果相似。
