Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA.
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
Dev Psychobiol. 2024 Nov;66(7):e22538. doi: 10.1002/dev.22538.
Most studies of developing visual attention are conducted using screen-based tasks in which infants move their eyes to select where to look. However, real-world visual exploration entails active movements of both eyes and head to bring relevant areas in view. Thus, relatively little is known about how infants coordinate their eyes and heads to structure their visual experiences. Infants were tested every 3 months from 9 to 24 months while they played with their caregiver and three toys while sitting in a highchair at a table. Infants wore a head-mounted eye tracker that measured eye movement toward each of the visual targets (caregiver's face and toys) and how targets were oriented within the head-centered field of view (FOV). With age, infants increasingly aligned novel toys in the center of their head-centered FOV at the expense of their caregiver's face. Both faces and toys were better centered in view during longer looking events, suggesting that infants of all ages aligned their eyes and head to sustain attention. The bias in infants' head-centered FOV could not be accounted for by manual action: Held toys were more poorly centered compared with non-held toys. We discuss developmental factors-attentional, motoric, cognitive, and social-that may explain why infants increasingly adopted biased viewpoints with age.
大多数关于发展中视觉注意力的研究都是通过基于屏幕的任务进行的，婴儿通过移动眼睛来选择要看的地方。然而，现实世界中的视觉探索需要眼睛和头部的主动运动，以便将相关区域纳入视野。因此，我们对婴儿如何协调他们的眼睛和头部来构建他们的视觉体验知之甚少。研究人员从 9 个月到 24 个月，每隔 3 个月对婴儿进行一次测试，当时他们坐在桌子旁的高脚椅上与照顾者和三个玩具玩耍。婴儿戴着一个头戴式眼动追踪器，该追踪器可以测量他们看向每个视觉目标（照顾者的脸和玩具）的眼球运动，以及目标在以头部为中心的视野（FOV）内的朝向。随着年龄的增长，婴儿越来越多地将新玩具置于头中心 FOV 的中心，而牺牲了照顾者的脸。无论是脸还是玩具，在较长的注视事件中都能更好地位于视野中心，这表明所有年龄段的婴儿都在协调他们的眼睛和头部以保持注意力。婴儿头中心 FOV 的偏差不能用手动动作来解释：与非手持玩具相比，手持玩具的中心位置较差。我们讨论了可能解释为什么婴儿随着年龄的增长越来越多地采用有偏差的观点的发展因素——注意力、运动、认知和社会。
