Liu Jing-Wen, Huang Xiao, Wang Ming-Ke, Yang Ji-Shun
School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China.
Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China.
World J Diabetes. 2024 Aug 15;15(8):1663-1671. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i8.1663.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease caused by a novel human coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Diabetes is a well-known risk factor for infectious diseases with high prevalence and increased severity. Here, we elucidated the possible factors for the increased vulnerability of diabetic patients to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the more severe COVID-19 illness. The worsened prognosis of patients with both COVID-19 and diabetes may be attributable to host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-assisted viral uptake. Moreover, insulin resistance is often associated with impaired mucosal and skin barrier integrity, resulting in mic-robiota dysbiosis, which increases susceptibility to viral infections. It may also be associated with higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines resulting from an impaired immune system in diabetics, inducing a cytokine storm and excessive inflammation. This review describes diabetes mellitus and its complications, explains the risk factors, such as disease characteristics and patient lifestyle, which may contribute to the high susceptibility of diabetic patients to COVID-19, and discusses preventive and therapeutic strategies for COVID-19-positive diabetic patients.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是一种由新型人类冠状病毒严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的高传染性疾病。糖尿病是一种众所周知的传染病风险因素，其患病率高且病情严重程度增加。在此，我们阐明了糖尿病患者易感染SARS-CoV-2以及患更严重COVID-19疾病的可能因素。COVID-19合并糖尿病患者预后恶化可能归因于宿主受体血管紧张素转换酶2辅助病毒摄取。此外，胰岛素抵抗常与黏膜和皮肤屏障完整性受损有关，导致微生物群失调，从而增加对病毒感染的易感性。它还可能与糖尿病患者免疫系统受损导致的促炎细胞因子水平升高有关，引发细胞因子风暴和过度炎症。本综述描述了糖尿病及其并发症，解释了可能导致糖尿病患者对COVID-19高度易感性的风险因素，如疾病特征和患者生活方式，并讨论了COVID-19阳性糖尿病患者的预防和治疗策略。
