An Zhuowei, Li Xinyu, Wang Qike, Xu Wentian, Zhang Dong
School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road 35, Beijing 100083, China.
The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road 35, Beijing 100083, China.
Insects. 2024 Jul 28;15(8):574. doi: 10.3390/insects15080574.
Despite the development of molecular techniques, morphological phylogeny still remains integral in underpinning the relationship between some clades of Calyptratae, especially the ones with fast radiation, such as those in Oestridae (Diptera: Brachycera), yet few synapomorphy has been proposed for adults in this family. Using scanning electron microscopy, we investigated the morphological structure and ultrastructure of the antennae and maxillary palps of adult (Hypodermatinae, Oestridae). One type of trichoid sensillum (Tr), three types of basiconic sensilla (Ba I, Ba II, and Ba III), one type of coeloconic sensillum (Co I), and one type of clavate sensillum (Cl) were found on the antennal postpedicel. Surprisingly, this species has the most complex types of sensilla on the maxillary palps that have been reported in Calyptratae so far, with two types of coeloconic sensilla (Co II and Co III) and two types of mechanoreceptors. We then identified three common characteristics on the arista of Oestridae (Hypodermatinae, Oestrinae, Gasterophilinae and Cuterebrinae) that are potential synapomorphies. These characteristics indicate the value of the morphology of maxillary palps and aristae in taxonomy studies of Calyptratae.
尽管分子技术有所发展，但形态系统发育在支撑一些狂蝇总科类群之间的关系方面仍然不可或缺，尤其是那些快速辐射演化的类群，如狂蝇科（双翅目：短角亚目）中的类群，然而该科成虫的共衍征却鲜有报道。利用扫描电子显微镜，我们研究了牛皮蝇属（狂蝇科：皮蝇亚科）成虫触角和下颚须的形态结构及超微结构。在触角梗节上发现了一种毛形感器（Tr）、三种锥形感器（Ba I、Ba II和Ba III）、一种腔锥感器（Co I）和一种棒形感器（Cl）。令人惊讶的是，该物种下颚须上具有狂蝇总科目前已报道的最为复杂的感器类型，包括两种腔锥感器（Co II和Co III）和两种机械感受器。然后，我们在狂蝇科（皮蝇亚科、狂蝇亚科、胃蝇亚科和疽蝇亚科）的触角芒上确定了三个共同特征，它们可能是共衍征。这些特征表明了下颚须和触角芒形态在狂蝇总科分类学研究中的价值。
