Oliveira Mariana de Araujo, de Almeida Sandro Rogério, Martins Joilson O
Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil.
Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil.
J Fungi (Basel). 2024 Jul 29;10(8):527. doi: 10.3390/jof10080527.
Sporotrichosis is a type of zoonotic subcutaneous mycosis caused by different species of dimorphic fungus of the genus , and it is the most common form of subcutaneous mycosis in Latin America. Sporotrichosis is generally restricted to cutaneous and lymphatic tissue (i.e., localized forms), and involvement in the viscera (i.e., disseminated or disseminated cutaneous form) is uncommon, especially in the central nervous system. However, immunosuppression in individuals with diabetes mellitus can lead to the disseminated form of the disease due to a failure to eliminate the pathogen and poor infection treatment outcomes. Possible correlations between patients with diabetes and their greater susceptibility to disseminated cases of sporotrichosis include a decreased cytokine response after stimulation, increased oxidative stress, decreased chemotaxis, phagocytic activity, adhesion and rolling of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, and increased macrophage/monocyte and polymorphonuclear cell apoptosis. Therefore, this review highlights novel insights into diabetes and sporotrichosis by investigating how chronic inflammation affects and aggravates the infection, the possible causes of the greater susceptibility of sp. to hematogenous dissemination in immunocompromised patients, and the main alterations that this dissemination can cause.
孢子丝菌病是一种由申克孢子丝菌属不同双相真菌引起的人畜共患皮下真菌病，是拉丁美洲最常见的皮下真菌病形式。孢子丝菌病通常局限于皮肤和淋巴组织（即局限性形式），累及内脏（即播散性或播散性皮肤形式）并不常见，尤其是在中枢神经系统。然而，糖尿病患者的免疫抑制会因无法清除病原体和感染治疗效果不佳而导致疾病的播散形式。糖尿病患者与孢子丝菌病播散病例易感性增加之间的可能关联包括刺激后细胞因子反应降低、氧化应激增加、趋化性降低、中性粒细胞和单核细胞/巨噬细胞的吞噬活性、黏附及滚动能力下降，以及巨噬细胞/单核细胞和多形核细胞凋亡增加。因此，本综述通过研究慢性炎症如何影响和加重感染、申克孢子丝菌在免疫功能低下患者中更易发生血行播散的可能原因以及这种播散可能导致的主要改变，突出了对糖尿病与孢子丝菌病的新见解。
