Di Renzo Laura, Gualtieri Paola, Frank Giulia, Cianci Rossella, Caldarelli Mario, Leggeri Giulia, Raffaelli Glauco, Pizzocaro Erica, Cirillo Michela, De Lorenzo Antonino
Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
PhD School of Applied Medical-Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Diseases. 2024 Aug 2;12(8):176. doi: 10.3390/diseases12080176.
The exposome encompasses all endogenous and exogenous exposure individuals encounter throughout their lives, including biological, chemical, physical, psychological, relational, and socioeconomic factors. It examines the duration and intensity of these types of exposure and their complex interactions over time. This interdisciplinary approach involves various scientific disciplines, particularly toxicology, to understand the long-term effects of toxic exposure on health. Factors like air pollution, racial background, and socioeconomic status significantly contribute to diseases such as metabolic, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases, infertility, and cancer. Advanced analytical methods measure contaminants in biofluids, food, air, water, and soil, but often overlook the cumulative risk of multiple chemicals. An exposome analysis necessitates sophisticated tools and methodologies to understand health interactions and integrate findings into precision medicine for better disease diagnosis and treatment. Chronic exposure to environmental and biological stimuli can lead to persistent low-grade inflammation, which is a key factor in chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as obesity, cardiometabolic disorders, cancer, respiratory diseases, autoimmune conditions, and depression. These NCDs are influenced by smoking, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and alcohol abuse, all shaped by genetic, environmental, and social factors. Dietary patterns, especially ultra-processed foods, can exacerbate inflammation and alter gut microbiota. This study investigates the exposome's role in the prevention, development, and progression of NCDs, focusing on endogenous and exogenous factors.
暴露组涵盖了个体一生中所接触到的所有内源性和外源性暴露，包括生物、化学、物理、心理、人际关系和社会经济因素。它研究了这些类型暴露的持续时间和强度以及它们随时间的复杂相互作用。这种跨学科方法涉及多个科学学科，特别是毒理学，以了解有毒暴露对健康的长期影响。空气污染、种族背景和社会经济地位等因素对代谢、心血管、神经退行性疾病、不孕症和癌症等疾病有重大影响。先进的分析方法可测量生物流体、食物、空气、水和土壤中的污染物，但往往忽略了多种化学物质的累积风险。暴露组分析需要复杂的工具和方法来理解健康相互作用，并将研究结果整合到精准医学中，以实现更好的疾病诊断和治疗。长期暴露于环境和生物刺激可导致持续性低度炎症，这是肥胖、心脏代谢紊乱、癌症、呼吸系统疾病、自身免疫性疾病和抑郁症等慢性非传染性疾病（NCDs）的关键因素。这些非传染性疾病受到吸烟、不健康饮食、缺乏体育活动和酗酒的影响，而所有这些又都受到遗传、环境和社会因素的塑造。饮食模式，尤其是超加工食品，会加剧炎症并改变肠道微生物群。本研究调查暴露组在非传染性疾病的预防、发展和进展中的作用，重点关注内源性和外源性因素。
