Frank Giulia, Pala Barbara, Gualtieri Paola, Tocci Giuliano, La Placa Giada, Di Renzo Laura
PhD School of Applied Medical-Surgical Sciences, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
School of Specialization in Food Science, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Nutrients. 2025 Jun 12;17(12):1991. doi: 10.3390/nu17121991.
Arterial hypertension, increased carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), and arterial stiffness (AS) are recognized predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Emerging evidence suggests that vascular remodeling may precede the full development of hypertension. Furthermore, body mass index (BMI), fat mass percentage (FM%), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), are significant risk factors for cardiovascular events. Conversely, adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk due to its beneficial effects on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and vascular health. : This observational study explored the association between nutritional care and cardiovascular risk in 55 Italian adults (27 women, 28 men) consecutively evaluated at the Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", in 2024. Nutritional and vascular assessments, including BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), BIA, DXA, lab tests, blood pressure (BP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and cIMT, were recorded. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between vascular and nutritional parameters. Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher's exact test; and Pearson's Chi-squared test were performed for statistical analysis. Participants were divided into two groups based on cIMT > 0.90 mm and ≤0.90 mm. : Significant correlations emerged between higher MEDAS scores and BMI ( = -0.53, < 0.01), FM% ( = -0.49, < 0.01), VAT ( = -0.63, < 0.01), and cIMT ( = -0.88, < 0.01). Higher WHR and VAT were associated with increased brachial and central BP and PWV. Notable dietary differences were significantly higher between cIMT groups. Total cholesterol/C-HDL, C-LDL/C-HDL, the Atherogenic Index of Plasma, and the HOMA Index differed significantly between groups. Significant differences were also observed in the left ventricular diastolic function ( = 0.04), LVM/BSA, and LVM/h in individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis ( < 0.05). : These innovative findings underline the importance of multidisciplinary approaches to prevent CVD and suggest long-term benefits of Mediterranean diet adherence on vascular health.
动脉高血压、颈动脉内膜中层厚度（cIMT）增加和动脉僵硬度（AS）是公认的心血管疾病（CVD）预测指标。新出现的证据表明，血管重塑可能在高血压充分发展之前就已发生。此外，体重指数（BMI）、体脂百分比（FM%）和内脏脂肪组织（VAT）是心血管事件的重要危险因素。相反，坚持地中海饮食因其对脂质代谢、炎症和血管健康的有益作用而与心血管风险降低相关。：这项观察性研究探讨了2024年在罗马“托尔·韦尔加塔”大学临床营养与营养基因组学科室连续评估的55名意大利成年人（27名女性，28名男性）中营养护理与心血管风险之间的关联。记录了营养和血管评估指标，包括BMI、腰臀比（WHR）、生物电阻抗分析（BIA）、双能X线吸收法（DXA）、实验室检查、血压（BP）、脉搏波速度（PWV）和cIMT。采用Spearman等级相关系数评估血管参数与营养参数之间的关系。进行Wilcoxon秩和检验、Fisher精确检验和Pearson卡方检验用于统计分析。根据cIMT>0.90mm和≤0.90mm将参与者分为两组。：较高的地中海饮食依从性评分（MEDAS）与BMI（r=-0.53，P<0.01）、FM%（r=-0.49，P<0.01）、VAT（r=-0.63，P<0.01）和cIMT（r=-0.88，P<0.01）之间存在显著相关性。较高的WHR和VAT与肱动脉和中心血压及PWV升高相关。cIMT组之间在显著的饮食差异方面存在显著差异。两组之间的总胆固醇/C-高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、C-低密度脂蛋白（LDL）/C-HDL、血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数和稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA指数）存在显著差异。在亚临床动脉粥样硬化个体中，左心室舒张功能（P=0.04）、左心室质量/体表面积（LVM/BSA）和左心室质量/身高（LVM/h）也观察到显著差异（P<0.05）。：这些创新性发现强调了多学科方法预防CVD的重要性，并表明坚持地中海饮食对血管健康具有长期益处。
