Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran.
Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Karaj 31485-498, Iran.
Cells. 2024 Aug 7;13(16):1319. doi: 10.3390/cells13161319.
Enhancing crop photosynthesis through genetic engineering technologies offers numerous opportunities to increase plant productivity. Key approaches include optimizing light utilization, increasing cytochrome complex levels, and improving carbon fixation. Modifications to Rubisco and the photosynthetic electron transport chain are central to these strategies. Introducing alternative photorespiratory pathways and enhancing carbonic anhydrase activity can further increase the internal CO concentration, thereby improving photosynthetic efficiency. The efficient translocation of photosynthetically produced sugars, which are managed by sucrose transporters, is also critical for plant growth. Additionally, incorporating genes from C plants, such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and NADP-malic enzymes, enhances the CO concentration around Rubisco, reducing photorespiration. Targeting microRNAs and transcription factors is vital for increasing photosynthesis and plant productivity, especially under stress conditions. This review highlights potential biological targets, the genetic modifications of which are aimed at improving photosynthesis and increasing plant productivity, thereby determining key areas for future research and development.
通过基因工程技术提高作物光合作用为提高植物生产力提供了众多机会。关键方法包括优化光利用、增加细胞色素复合体水平和改善碳固定。Rubisco 和光合作用电子传递链的修饰是这些策略的核心。引入替代的光呼吸途径和增强碳酸酐酶活性可以进一步增加内部 CO 浓度，从而提高光合作用效率。光合作用产生的糖的有效转运，由蔗糖转运蛋白来管理，对植物生长也至关重要。此外，引入 C 植物的基因，如磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧化酶和 NADP-苹果酸酶，可提高 Rubisco 周围的 CO 浓度，减少光呼吸。针对 microRNAs 和转录因子是提高光合作用和植物生产力的关键，特别是在胁迫条件下。本综述强调了潜在的生物学目标，其遗传修饰旨在提高光合作用和增加植物生产力，从而确定未来研究和开发的关键领域。
