Díaz Laura Katherin Chaparro, Berná Antonio, Boltes Karina
Departamento de Química Analítica Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Campus Científico Tecnológico, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. A-II km 33.6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
IMDEA Water, Avda. Punto Com, 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
Toxics. 2024 Aug 20;12(8):614. doi: 10.3390/toxics12080614.
Bioelectrochemical processes are emerging as one of the most efficient and sustainable technologies for wastewater treatment. Their application for industrial wastewater treatment is still low due to the high toxicity and difficulty of biological treatment for industrial effluents. This is especially relevant in pharmaceutical industries, where different solvents, active pharma ingredients (APIs), extreme pH, and salinity usually form a lethal cocktail for the bacterial community in bioreactors. This work evaluates the impact of the anode architecture on the detoxification performance and analyzes, for the first time, the profile of some key bioremediation enzymes (catalase and esterase) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the operation of microbial electrochemical cells treating real pharmaceutical wastewater. Our results show the existence of oxidative stress and loss of cell viability in planktonic cells, while the electrogenic bacteria that form the biofilm maintain their biochemical machinery intact, as observed in the bioelectrochemical response. Monitorization of electrical current flowing in the bioelectrochemical system showed how electroactive biofilm, after a short adaptation period, started to degrade the pharma effluent. The electroactive biofilms are responsible for the detoxification of this type of industrial wastewater.
生物电化学工艺正逐渐成为最有效且可持续的废水处理技术之一。由于工业废水毒性高且生物处理难度大，其在工业废水处理中的应用仍然较少。这在制药行业尤为突出，在制药行业中，不同的溶剂、活性药物成分（API）、极端的pH值和盐度通常会对生物反应器中的细菌群落形成致命组合。本研究评估了阳极结构对解毒性能的影响，并首次分析了处理实际制药废水的微生物电化学电池运行过程中一些关键生物修复酶（过氧化氢酶和酯酶）和活性氧（ROS）的变化情况。我们的结果表明，浮游细胞中存在氧化应激和细胞活力丧失的情况，而形成生物膜的产电细菌保持其生化机制完好无损，这在生物电化学响应中有所体现。对生物电化学系统中电流的监测表明，经过短暂的适应期后，电活性生物膜开始降解制药废水。电活性生物膜负责这类工业废水的解毒。
