Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Science Campus, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Rua dos Lágidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal.
Toxins (Basel). 2024 Jul 29;16(8):335. doi: 10.3390/toxins16080335.
Fungal and mycotoxin control at a primary stage in the food chain is crucial to maintaining the nutritional quality of animal feed. The control of fungal and mycotoxins is one of the essential points that a good biosecurity program must establish to ensure the safe feeding and protection of animal and human health. Acquiring a comprehensive understanding of the role of mycotoxins is vital to identifying breaches of this control and enabling the performance of proper risk assessments and accurate risk management strategies. This study focused on the identification of regulated and emerging mycotoxins in agricultural fields and dairy farms through an analytical methodology by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTrap-MS/MS). This allowed us to identify a Portuguese mycotoxin profile in the maize value chain for the first time. Regarding our occurrence data, mycotoxins were identified in all samples, namely seeds, flowering plants, grain and forage at harvest, maize silage, and animal feed. FBs and ENNB were highly present in all stages of the production cycle. This work offers an initial insight into a full screening of regulated and emerging mycotoxins within an important agricultural commodity. The high occurrence of these compounds points to the need to perform occurrence surveys from an integrative perspective to protect consumers' health, especially within food chains that provide various important staple foods worldwide.
在食物链的初级阶段控制真菌和霉菌毒素对于维持动物饲料的营养质量至关重要。控制真菌和霉菌毒素是良好生物安全计划必须确立的要点之一，以确保动物和人类健康安全的喂养和保护。全面了解霉菌毒素的作用对于识别控制措施的突破以及进行适当的风险评估和准确的风险管理策略至关重要。本研究通过超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UHPLC-QTrap-MS/MS）分析方法，重点研究了农业领域和奶牛场中受监管和新兴霉菌毒素的鉴定。这使我们首次在葡萄牙玉米价值链中确定了霉菌毒素的特征。就我们的发生数据而言，在所有样品中都鉴定出了霉菌毒素，即在种子、开花植物、收获时的谷物和饲料、玉米青贮和动物饲料中。在生产周期的所有阶段，FB 和 ENNB 都大量存在。这项工作为在重要农产品中全面筛查受监管和新兴霉菌毒素提供了初步的深入了解。这些化合物的高发生率表明需要从综合的角度进行发生情况调查，以保护消费者的健康，特别是在为全球提供各种重要主食的食物链中。
