Center for Vector Biology, Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, 180 Jones Avenue , New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
Proc Biol Sci. 2024 Aug;291(2029):20241105. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2024.1105. Epub 2024 Aug 28.
Blood-feeding, which is necessary for most female mosquitoes to reproduce, provides an opportunity for pathogen transmission. Blood-feeding is influenced by external factors such as light, temperature, humidity and intra- and inter-specific interactions. Physiologically, blood-feeding cycles are linked to nutritional conditions and governed by conserved hormonal signalling pathways that prepare mosquito sensory systems to locate and evaluate hosts. Human activities also alter mosquito blood-feeding behaviour through selection pressures such as insecticide usage, habitat and ecosystem alterations, and climate change. Notably, blood-feeding behaviour changes within a mosquito's lifespan, an underexplored phenomenon from an epidemiological standpoint. A review of the literature indicates that our understanding of mosquito biology and blood-feeding behaviour is predominantly based on studies of a handful of primarily tropical species. This focus likely skews our comprehension of the diversity of critical drivers of blood-feeding behaviour, especially under constraints imposed by harsh conditions. We found evidence of remarkable adaptability in blood-feeding and significant knowledge gaps regarding the determinants of host use. Specifically, epidemiological analyses assume host use is modified by external factors, while neglecting internal physiology. Integrating all significant factors is essential for developing effective models of mosquito-borne disease transmission in a rapidly changing world.
吸血是大多数雌性蚊子繁殖所必需的，这为病原体传播提供了机会。吸血受到外部因素的影响，如光照、温度、湿度以及种内和种间相互作用。从生理学上讲，吸血周期与营养状况有关，并受保守的激素信号通路调控，这些通路使蚊子的感觉系统能够定位和评估宿主。人类活动也通过选择压力（如杀虫剂使用、生境和生态系统改变以及气候变化）改变蚊子的吸血行为。值得注意的是，蚊子在其生命周期内的吸血行为会发生变化，这是一个从流行病学角度来看尚未得到充分探索的现象。对文献的回顾表明，我们对蚊子生物学和吸血行为的理解主要基于对少数主要热带物种的研究。这种关注可能会扭曲我们对吸血行为关键驱动因素多样性的理解，尤其是在恶劣条件下。我们发现蚊子在吸血方面具有惊人的适应性，并且在宿主利用的决定因素方面存在显著的知识差距。具体来说，流行病学分析假设宿主的利用受到外部因素的影响，而忽略了内部生理学。整合所有重要因素对于在快速变化的世界中开发有效的蚊子传播疾病传播模型至关重要。
