[Non-traumatic osteochondral lesions of the knee joint during growth : Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) of the knee].

BACKGROUND

Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans of the knee joint is the most common osteochondral lesion during growth, usually occurring between the 10th and 14th year of age.

PATHOGENESIS

Repetitive microtraumata lead to a subchondral osseus lesion, which is commonly located at the medial aspect of the femoral condyle. Sport activities are considered to be the main cause, although genetic and hereditary factors as well as vitamin D deficiency also play a role. Current classification systems distinguish between stable and unstable osteochondral lesions, which is decisive for further treatment.

TREATMENT

Stable lesions may heal through conservative treatment by avoiding weight bearing and sport. Unstable lesions, on the other hand, can lead to a complete defect of the joint surface with the formation of a free joint body. In such cases, various surgical techniques aim at reconstructing the surface of the joint, in order to reduce the risk of secondary arthritis.