School of Mathematics and Statistics, Kashi University, Kashi, Xinjiang, China.
PLoS One. 2024 Aug 28;19(8):e0305718. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305718. eCollection 2024.
We first propose a novel protocol to realize quantum cloning of an arbitrary unknown shared state with assistance offered by a state preparer. The initial phase of this protocol involves the utilization of quantum teleportation (QT), enabling the transfer of quantum information from an arbitrary number of senders to another arbitrary number of receivers through a maximally entangled GHZ-type state serving as a network channel, without centralizing the information at any specific location. In the second stage of this protocol, the state preparer performs a special single-qubit projective measurement and multiple Z-basis measurements and then communicates a number of classical bits corresponding to measurement results, the perfect copy or orthogonal-complementing copy of an unknown shared state can be produced at senders hands. Then, using a non-maximally entangled GHZ-type state instead of the aforementioned quantum channel, we extend the proposed protocol from three perspectives: projective measurement, positive operator-value measurement (POVM), and a single generalized Bell-state measurement. Our schemes can relay quantum information over a network without requiring fully trusted central or intermediate nodes, and none of participants can fully access the information.
我们首先提出了一种新的协议，通过状态准备器的协助，实现对任意未知共享态的量子克隆。该协议的初始阶段涉及到量子隐形传态(QT)的应用，通过一个最大纠缠 GHZ 型态作为网络信道，将量子信息从任意数量的发送者传输到任意数量的接收者，而无需将信息集中在任何特定位置。在协议的第二阶段，状态准备器执行特殊的单量子比特投影测量和多个 Z 基测量，然后通信对应于测量结果的多个经典位，未知共享态的完美副本或正交补副本可以在发送者手中产生。然后，我们使用非最大纠缠 GHZ 型态代替上述量子信道，从三个方面扩展了所提出的协议：投影测量、正算子值测量(PVM)和单广义贝尔态测量。我们的方案可以在不需要完全可信的中心或中间节点的情况下在网络中传递量子信息，并且没有任何参与者可以完全访问信息。
