Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India.
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, VUMC, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA.
Ageing Res Rev. 2024 Sep;100:102466. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102466. Epub 2024 Aug 27.
Every facet of biological anthropology, including development, ageing, diseases, and even health maintenance, is influenced by gut microbiota's significant genetic and metabolic capabilities. With current advancements in sequencing technology and with new culture-independent approaches, researchers can surpass older correlative studies and develop mechanism-based studies on microbiome-host interactions. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) regulates glial functioning, making it a possible target for the improvement of development and advancement of treatments for neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). The gut-brain axis (GBA) is accountable for the reciprocal communication between the gastrointestinal and central nervous system, which plays an essential role in the regulation of physiological processes like controlling hunger, metabolism, and various gastrointestinal functions. Lately, studies have discovered the function of the gut microbiome for brain health-different microbiota through different pathways such as immunological, neurological and metabolic pathways. Additionally, we review the involvement of the neurotransmitters and the gut hormones related to gut microbiota. We also explore the MGBA in neurodegenerative disorders by focusing on metabolites. Further, targeting the blood-brain barrier (BBB), intestinal barrier, meninges, and peripheral immune system is investigated. Lastly, we discuss the therapeutics approach and evaluate the pre-clinical and clinical trial data regarding using prebiotics, probiotics, paraprobiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, personalised medicine, and natural food bioactive in NDDs. A comprehensive study of the GBA will felicitate the creation of efficient therapeutic approaches for treating different NDDs.
肠道微生物群的重要遗传和代谢能力影响着生物人类学的各个方面，包括发育、衰老、疾病，甚至健康维护。随着测序技术的进步和新的非培养方法的出现，研究人员可以超越旧的相关性研究，对微生物组-宿主相互作用进行基于机制的研究。微生物群-肠道-大脑轴 (MGBA) 调节神经胶质细胞的功能，使其成为改善神经退行性疾病 (NDD) 发育和推进治疗的可能靶点。肠道-大脑轴 (GBA) 负责胃肠道和中枢神经系统之间的相互交流，对控制饥饿、新陈代谢和各种胃肠道功能等生理过程的调节起着至关重要的作用。最近，研究发现了肠道微生物群对大脑健康的作用——不同的微生物群通过不同的途径，如免疫、神经和代谢途径。此外，我们还综述了与肠道微生物群相关的神经递质和肠道激素的参与。我们还通过关注代谢物来探讨 MGBA 在神经退行性疾病中的作用。此外，还研究了针对血脑屏障 (BBB)、肠道屏障、脑膜和外周免疫系统的方法。最后，我们讨论了治疗方法，并评估了关于使用益生元、益生菌、拟益生菌、粪便微生物群移植、个性化医学和天然食物生物活性治疗 NDD 的临床前和临床试验数据。对 GBA 的全面研究将有助于为治疗不同的 NDD 创造有效的治疗方法。
