PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), NH-19, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2024 Oct;397(10):7307-7336. doi: 10.1007/s00210-024-03109-4. Epub 2024 May 11.
Neurological disorders, including Alzheimer and Parkinson's, pose significant challenges to public health due to their complex etiologies and limited treatment options. Recent advances in research have highlighted the intricate bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system (CNS), revealing a potential therapeutic avenue for neurological disorders. Thus, this review aims to summarize the current understanding of the pharmacological role of gut microbiome in neurological disorders. Mounting evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in modulating CNS function through various mechanisms, including the production of neurotransmitters, neuroactive metabolites, and immune system modulation. Dysbiosis, characterized by alterations in gut microbial composition and function, has been observed in many neurological disorders, indicating a potential causative or contributory role. Pharmacological interventions targeting the gut microbiome have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders. Probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, and microbial metabolite-based interventions have shown beneficial effects in animal models and some human studies. These interventions aim to restore microbial homeostasis, enhance microbial diversity, and promote the production of beneficial metabolites. However, several challenges remain, including the need for standardized protocols, identification of specific microbial signatures associated with different neurological disorders, and understanding the precise mechanisms underlying gut-brain communication. Further research is necessary to unravel the intricate interactions between the gut microbiome and the CNS and to develop targeted pharmacological interventions for neurological disorders.
神经紊乱，包括阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病，由于其复杂的病因和有限的治疗选择，对公共健康构成了重大挑战。最近的研究进展强调了肠道微生物组与中枢神经系统（CNS）之间复杂的双向通讯，为神经紊乱提供了潜在的治疗途径。因此，本综述旨在总结肠道微生物组在神经紊乱中的药理学作用的现有认识。越来越多的证据表明，肠道微生物组通过多种机制在调节中枢神经系统功能方面发挥着关键作用，包括神经递质、神经活性代谢物和免疫系统调节的产生。在许多神经紊乱中观察到肠道微生物组成和功能的失调，表明其可能具有因果或促成作用。针对肠道微生物组的药理学干预已成为神经紊乱有前途的治疗策略。益生菌、益生元、抗生素和基于微生物代谢物的干预措施在动物模型和一些人类研究中显示出了有益的效果。这些干预措施旨在恢复微生物的内稳态、增强微生物多样性，并促进有益代谢物的产生。然而，仍存在一些挑战，包括需要标准化的方案、确定与不同神经紊乱相关的特定微生物特征以及了解肠道-大脑通讯的精确机制。需要进一步的研究来揭示肠道微生物组和中枢神经系统之间的复杂相互作用，并为神经紊乱开发靶向药理学干预措施。
