Yöyen Elif, Keleş Merve
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54050, Türkiye.
Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79416, USA.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2024 Aug 14;14(8):710. doi: 10.3390/bs14080710.
Suicidal behaviour is defined as taking actions with the intention of killing oneself and thinking of performing these actions. Suicide is a serious public health problem with complex biological, social and psychological risk factors and a multidimensional clinical appearance, occurring all over the world and ranking among the leading causes of death. In this study, psychological approaches explaining suicide were evaluated under the headings of first-generation and second-generation suicide theories, the different aspects of these theories were put forward, and previously published studies and recent evidence were reviewed. A literature review on the theoretical foundations of suicide is presented. First-generation suicide theories were developed before the 2000s and second-generation suicide theories were developed after the 2000s. While Psychodynamic Theory, Social Learning Theory, Hopelessness Theory, Shneidman's Suicide Theory and Escape Theory are included under the title of first-generation suicide theories, Interpersonal Psychological Suicide Theory, Three Stage Suicide Theory, Complementary Motivational-Demotivational Theory and Variable Predisposition Theory are examined as second-generation suicide theories. The approaches of the theories provide important evidence in understanding suicidal behaviour and recognising various risk factors in the transition from suicidal ideation to suicidal action. Controlling the risk factors may contribute both in terms of preventive community mental health and in the development of health policies.
自杀行为被定义为采取旨在杀死自己的行动以及思考实施这些行动。自杀是一个严重的公共卫生问题，具有复杂的生物、社会和心理风险因素以及多维度的临床表现，在世界各地都有发生，并且位列主要死因之中。在本研究中，对解释自杀的心理学方法在第一代和第二代自杀理论的标题下进行了评估，提出了这些理论的不同方面，并回顾了先前发表的研究和最新证据。本文呈现了一篇关于自杀理论基础的文献综述。第一代自杀理论是在21世纪之前发展起来的，第二代自杀理论是在21世纪之后发展起来的。精神动力学理论、社会学习理论、绝望理论、施奈德曼自杀理论和逃避理论被归入第一代自杀理论的范畴，人际心理自杀理论、三阶段自杀理论、互补动机 - 去动机理论和可变易感性理论则作为第二代自杀理论进行研究。这些理论的方法为理解自杀行为以及识别从自杀意念到自杀行动转变过程中的各种风险因素提供了重要证据。控制风险因素在预防性社区心理健康以及卫生政策的制定方面都可能有所助益。
