Hall E J
Cancer. 1985 May 1;55(9 Suppl):2051-7. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19850501)55:9+<2051::aid-cncr2820551404>3.0.co;2-y.
On a few occasions in the past, radiobiological experiments profoundly influenced the practice of radiotherapy. For example, it was shown in the 1920s that animals could be sterilized without damage to the skin of the scrotum if the testes were irradiated in multiple fractions, whereas in a single dose, sterilization was not possible without significant skin damage. These experiments led to the fractionation patterns used in conventional radiotherapy today. Few experiments have had such a dramatic impact, but since World War II, studies with mammalian cells in culture, transplantable animal tumors, and normal tissue systems produced an impressive body of experimental data. Conventional radiotherapy techniques now can be understood in terms of the basic principles of radiobiology. New horizons in radiotherapy are also suggested. These include the following: (1) altered fractionation schedules, including hyperfractionation and accelerated treatment; (2) the selection of groups of patients likely to benefit from neutrons; and (3) The use of hyperthermia alone or as an adjunct to radiation.
在过去的一些时候，放射生物学实验深刻地影响了放射治疗的实践。例如，在20世纪20年代就已表明，如果对睾丸进行多次分割照射，动物可以被绝育而阴囊皮肤不受损伤，而单次照射时，若不造成明显的皮肤损伤就无法实现绝育。这些实验促成了如今常规放射治疗中所采用的分割模式。很少有实验能产生如此巨大的影响，但自第二次世界大战以来，针对培养中的哺乳动物细胞、可移植动物肿瘤和正常组织系统开展的研究产生了大量令人瞩目的实验数据。现在可以依据放射生物学的基本原理来理解传统的放射治疗技术。放射治疗的新方向也已显现。这些包括：（1）改变分割方案，包括超分割和加速治疗；（2）挑选可能从使用中子治疗中获益的患者群体；（3）单独使用热疗或作为放疗的辅助手段。
