Chen Zhirong, Xiao Lixia, Sun Qian, Chen Qiangqiang, Hua Weidong, Zhang Jinzhi
College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Aug 9;13(8):970. doi: 10.3390/antiox13080970.
This study aimed to determine the effects of different doses of culture (ATC) on lactation performance, immune function, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal flora of sows. Forty-five Landrace sows (3-6 parity) were randomly assigned to the following three treatments from 85 days of gestation to 21 days after farrowing: a control diet (CON, basal diet), a low-dose culture diet (0.2% ATC, basal diet + 0.2% ATC), and a high-dose culture diet (0.4% ATC, basal diet + 0.4% ATC). Compared with the CON group, the supplementation of 0.2% ATC increased the average daily milk yield of sows by 4.98%, increased milk fat, total solids, and freezing point depression on day 1 postpartum ( < 0.05), increased serum concentration of Triiodothyronine, Thyroxin, and Estradiol on day 21 postpartum ( < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the supplementation of 0.4% ATC increased the average daily milk yield of sows by 9.38% ( < 0.05). Furthermore, the supplementation of 0.2% ATC increased serum concentration of IgG, IgM, and IFN-γ, CD4 on day 1 postpartum ( < 0.05) and increased serum concentration of immunoglobulin A ( IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M ( IgM), complement 3 (C3), cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4), cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) on day 21 postpartum ( < 0.05), while the supplementation of 0.4% ATC reduced serum concentration of IL-2 on day 21 postpartum ( < 0.05). Moreover, the supplementation of 0.4% ATC significantly increased serum concentration of catalase (CAT) ( < 0.05). Additionally, the supplementation of ATC affected the relative abundance of the intestinal flora at different taxonomic levels in sows and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as in the , , and of sows, while reducing the abundance of harmful bacteria such as and . These data revealed that the supplementation of ATC during late gestation and lactation can improve lactation performance, immune function, antioxidant capacity, and the gut microbiota. Compared with supplementation of 0.4% ATC, 0.2% ATC enhances the levels of thyroid-related hormones, specific antibodies, and cytokines in serum, promotes the diversity of beneficial gut microbiota, beneficial bacteria in the intestine, reduces the population of harmful bacteria, and thereby bolsters the immunity of sows. Hence, 0.2% ATC is deemed a more optimal concentration.
本研究旨在确定不同剂量的[具体培养物名称未明确，推测为某种特定培养物，暂用“培养物（ATC）”表示]对母猪泌乳性能、免疫功能、抗氧化能力和肠道菌群的影响。45头长白母猪（3 - 6胎次）从妊娠85天至分娩后21天被随机分为以下三种处理：对照日粮（CON，基础日粮）、低剂量培养物日粮（0.2% ATC，基础日粮 + 0.2% ATC）和高剂量培养物日粮（0.4% ATC，基础日粮 + 0.4% ATC）。与CON组相比，补充0.2% ATC使母猪平均日泌乳量提高了4.98%，产后第1天乳脂肪、总固体和冰点降低（P<0.05），产后第21天血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸、甲状腺素和雌二醇浓度升高（P<0.05）。与CON组相比，补充0.4% ATC使母猪平均日泌乳量提高了9.38%（P<0.05）。此外，补充0.2% ATC使产后第1天血清IgG、IgM和IFN - γ、CD4浓度升高（P<0.05），产后第21天血清免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、免疫球蛋白M（IgM）、补体3（C3）、分化簇4（CD4）、分化簇8（CD8）、干扰素 - γ（IFN - γ）浓度升高（P<0.05），而补充0.4% ATC使产后第21天血清IL - 2浓度降低（P<0.05）。而且，补充0.4% ATC显著提高了血清过氧化氢酶（CAT）浓度（P<0.05）。此外，补充ATC影响了母猪不同分类水平肠道菌群的相对丰度，增加了母猪[具体有益菌属未明确，推测为某种特定有益菌属，暂用“[具体有益菌属1]”“[具体有益菌属2]”“[具体有益菌属3]”表示]等有益菌的丰度，同时降低了[具体有害菌属未明确，推测为某种特定有害菌属，暂用“[具体有害菌属1]”“[具体有害菌属2]”表示]等有害菌的丰度。这些数据表明，在妊娠后期和泌乳期补充ATC可以改善泌乳性能、免疫功能、抗氧化能力和肠道微生物群。与补充0.4% ATC相比，0.2% ATC提高了血清中甲状腺相关激素、特异性抗体和细胞因子的水平，促进了肠道有益微生物群、肠道有益菌的多样性，减少了有害菌的数量，从而增强了母猪的免疫力。因此，0.2% ATC被认为是更适宜的浓度。
