Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Livestock Behavior Research Unit, USDA-ARS, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Biomolecules. 2024 Aug 16;14(8):1017. doi: 10.3390/biom14081017.
Numerous studies have evidenced that neuropsychiatric disorders (mental illness and emotional disturbances) with aggression (or violence) pose a significant challenge to public health and contribute to a substantial economic burden worldwide. Especially, social disorganization (or social inequality) associated with childhood adversity has long-lasting effects on mental health, increasing the risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders. Intestinal bacteria, functionally as an endocrine organ and a second brain, release various immunomodulators and bioactive compounds directly or indirectly regulating a host's physiological and behavioral homeostasis. Under various social challenges, stress-induced dysbiosis increases gut permeability causes serial reactions: releasing neurotoxic compounds, leading to neuroinflammation and neuronal injury, and eventually neuropsychiatric disorders associated with aggressive, violent, or impulsive behavior in humans and various animals via a complex bidirectional communication of the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis. The dysregulation of the MGB axis has also been recognized as one of the reasons for the prevalence of social stress-induced injurious behaviors (feather pecking, aggression, and cannibalistic pecking) in chickens. However, existing knowledge of preventing and treating these disorders in both humans and chickens is not well understood. In previous studies, we developed a non-mammal model in an abnormal behavioral investigation by rationalizing the effects of gut microbiota on injurious behaviors in chickens. Based on our earlier success, the perspective article outlines the possibility of reducing stress-induced injurious behaviors in chickens through modifying gut microbiota via cecal microbiota transplantation, with the potential for providing a biotherapeutic rationale for preventing injurious behaviors among individuals with mental disorders via restoring gut microbiota diversity and function.
大量研究表明，具有攻击性（或暴力）的神经精神疾病（精神疾病和情绪障碍）对公共健康构成重大挑战，并在全球范围内造成巨大的经济负担。特别是，与童年逆境相关的社会失调对心理健康有持久影响，增加了患神经精神疾病的风险。肠道细菌作为内分泌器官和第二大脑，直接或间接释放各种免疫调节剂和生物活性化合物，调节宿主的生理和行为平衡。在各种社会挑战下，应激诱导的失调会增加肠道通透性，导致一系列反应：释放神经毒性化合物，导致神经炎症和神经元损伤，最终导致人类和各种动物出现与攻击性、暴力或冲动行为相关的神经精神疾病，这是通过微生物群-肠道-大脑（MGB）轴的复杂双向通讯实现的。MGB 轴的失调也被认为是导致社会应激引起的伤害行为（啄羽、攻击和同类相食啄）在鸡中流行的原因之一。然而，人们对预防和治疗人类和鸡中这些疾病的现有知识了解不足。在之前的研究中，我们通过合理化肠道微生物群对鸡伤害行为的影响，在异常行为研究中开发了一种非哺乳动物模型。基于我们早期的成功，本文概述了通过盲肠微生物群移植改变肠道微生物群来减少鸡应激诱导伤害行为的可能性，这为通过恢复肠道微生物群多样性和功能来预防精神障碍个体的伤害行为提供了一种生物治疗的合理性。
