Jiang Sha, Hu Jia-Ying, Cheng Heng-Wei
Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Mar 30;12(7):870. doi: 10.3390/ani12070870.
Intestinal microbiota functions such as an endocrine organ to regulate host physiological homeostasis and behavioral exhibition in stress responses via regulating the gut-brain axis in humans and other mammals. In humans, stress-induced dysbiosis of the gut microbiota leads to intestinal permeability, subsequently affecting the clinical course of neuropsychiatric disorders, increasing the frequency of aggression and related violent behaviors. Probiotics, as direct-fed microorganism, have been used as dietary supplements or functional foods to target gut microbiota (microbiome) for the prevention or therapeutic treatment of mental diseases including social stress-induced psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, impulsivity, and schizophrenia. Similar function of the probiotics may present in laying hens due to the intestinal microbiota having a similar function between avian and mammals. In laying hens, some management practices such as hens reared in conventional cages or at a high stocking density may cause stress, leading to injurious behaviors such as aggressive pecking, severe feather pecking, and cannibalism, which is a critical issue facing the poultry industry due to negative effects on hen health and welfare with devastating economic consequences. We discuss the current development of using probiotic to prevent or reduce injurious behavior in laying hens.
肠道微生物群发挥着内分泌器官的功能，通过调节人类和其他哺乳动物的肠-脑轴，在应激反应中调节宿主的生理稳态和行为表现。在人类中，应激诱导的肠道微生物群失调会导致肠道通透性增加，进而影响神经精神疾病的临床进程，增加攻击行为及相关暴力行为的发生频率。益生菌作为直接投喂的微生物，已被用作膳食补充剂或功能性食品，以针对肠道微生物群（微生物组）来预防或治疗包括社会应激诱导的精神疾病，如抑郁症、焦虑症、冲动行为和精神分裂症等在内的精神疾病。由于禽类和哺乳动物的肠道微生物群具有相似的功能，益生菌在蛋鸡中可能也具有类似的功能。在蛋鸡中，一些饲养管理方式，如将母鸡饲养在传统鸡笼中或高密度饲养，可能会导致应激，从而引发诸如攻击啄羽、严重的拔羽和同类相食等有害行为，这是家禽业面临的一个关键问题，因为它会对母鸡的健康和福利产生负面影响，并带来巨大的经济后果。我们讨论了使用益生菌预防或减少蛋鸡有害行为的当前进展。
