Migliaccio Gian Mario, Gonzales Cesar Ivan Aviles, Kalcev Goce, Cantone Elisa, Nonnis Marcello, Urban Antonio, Marchegiani Sonia, Pinna Samantha, Tusconi Massimo, Primavera Diego, Carta Mauro Giovanni
Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Rome Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy.
Maxima Performa, Athlete Physiology, Psychology, and Nutrition Unit, 20126 Milano, Italy.
Brain Sci. 2024 Jul 29;14(8):765. doi: 10.3390/brainsci14080765.
This longitudinal study aimed to evaluate whether prior engagement in a physical exercise program correlated with enhanced perceptions of quality-of-life components among older adults during the COVID-19 lockdown period.
The cohort comprised elderly individuals (aged ≥ 65 years) who had previously partaken in a 12-week randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of a mixed aerobic-anaerobic, moderate-intensity exercise program. Participants' health-related quality of life was assessed using the Short Form Health Survey-12 item (SF-12) at the beginning of the initial trial and, again, one year later during the COVID-19 lockdown. In the exercise group, 44 participants were included, while the control group consisted of 49 participants, with computer-based, double-blind randomization conducted in Cagliari, Italy. The differences in scores for each SF-12 item between the two groups from T0 to T1 were compared using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni corrections. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.
No statistically significant differences were observed on average by age (exercise group vs. control group 72.20 ± 4.78 vs. 72.91 ± 4.77; F = 0.513, = 0.476). A decrease from T0 to T1 towards a better score on the SF-12 was observed in the exercise group compared to the control group in item 1 (F = 67.463, < 0.0001); in item 5 (F = 4.319, = 0.041); item 8 (F = 4.269, = 0.041); item 9 (F = 10.761, = 0.001); item 10 (F = 170.433, < 0.001); and item 11 (F = 4.075, = 0.046).
The results suggest that participation in a moderate physical exercise program one year prior may have equipped older adults with better coping mechanisms to navigate the stress and isolation imposed by the COVID-19 lockdown, as reflected by their enhanced scores on quality-of-life components pertaining to mental well-being. Exercise may confer a protective effect against the adverse psychological impacts of stressful events like the pandemic, even among older adults with chronic conditions. This study underscores the potential benefits of exercise interventions for promoting quality of life and preventing mood disorders in the elderly population.
这项纵向研究旨在评估在新冠疫情封锁期间，此前参与体育锻炼计划是否与老年人对生活质量各方面的认知提升相关。
该队列包括曾参加一项为期12周随机对照试验的老年人（年龄≥65岁），该试验研究了有氧-无氧混合、中等强度锻炼计划的效果。在初始试验开始时以及一年后的新冠疫情封锁期间，使用简短健康调查问卷-12项（SF-12）评估参与者的健康相关生活质量。在运动组中，纳入了44名参与者，而对照组由49名参与者组成，在意大利卡利亚里进行基于计算机的双盲随机分组。使用带有Bonferroni校正的单因素方差分析比较两组从T0到T1各SF-12项得分的差异。数据使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）27版进行分析。
按年龄平均未观察到统计学显著差异（运动组与对照组：72.20±4.78 vs. 72.91±4.77；F = 0.513，P = 0.476）。与对照组相比，运动组在第1项（F = 67.463，P < 0.0001）、第5项（F = 4.319，P = 0.041）、第8项（F = 4.269，P = 0.041）、第9项（F = 10.761，P = 0.001）、第10项（F = 170.433，P < 0.001）和第11项（F = 4.075，P = 0.046）上从T0到T1的SF-12得分朝着更好的方向下降。
结果表明，一年前参与中等强度体育锻炼计划可能使老年人具备了更好的应对机制，以应对新冠疫情封锁带来的压力和隔离，这体现在他们与心理健康相关的生活质量成分得分有所提高。运动可能对像大流行这样的压力事件的不良心理影响具有保护作用，即使在患有慢性病的老年人中也是如此。本研究强调了运动干预对促进老年人群生活质量和预防情绪障碍的潜在益处。
