根据多重耐药菌类型的重症监护病房感染预防与控制策略:一份包括病原体R的实用概述及成本效益分析
Infection Prevention and Control Strategies According to the Type of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and in Intensive Care Units: A Pragmatic Resume including Pathogens R and a Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.
作者信息
Fanelli Chiara, Pistidda Laura, Terragni Pierpaolo, Pasero Daniela
机构信息
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
Head of Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
出版信息
Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 Aug 22;13(8):789. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13080789.
Multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) outbreaks have been steadily increasing in intensive care units (ICUs). Still, healthcare institutions and workers (HCWs) have not reached unanimity on how and when to implement infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies. We aimed to provide a pragmatic physician practice-oriented resume of strategies towards different MDRO outbreaks in ICUs. We performed a narrative review on IPC in ICUs, investigating patient-to-staff ratios; education, isolation, decolonization, screening, and hygiene practices; outbreak reporting; cost-effectiveness; reproduction numbers (R); and future perspectives. The most effective IPC strategy remains unknown. Most studies focus on a specific pathogen or disease, making the clinician lose sight of the big picture. IPC strategies have proven their cost-effectiveness regardless of typology, country, and pathogen. A standardized, universal, pragmatic protocol for HCW education should be elaborated. Likewise, the elaboration of a rapid outbreak recognition tool (i.e., an easy-to-use mathematical model) would improve early diagnosis and prevent spreading. Further studies are needed to express views in favor or against MDRO decolonization. New promising strategies are emerging and need to be tested in the field. The lack of IPC strategy application has made and still makes ICUs major MDRO reservoirs in the community. In a not-too-distant future, genetic engineering and phage therapies could represent a plot twist in MDRO IPC strategies.
多重耐药菌(MDRO)暴发在重症监护病房(ICU)中一直在稳步增加。然而,医疗机构和医护人员(HCW)在如何以及何时实施感染预防与控制(IPC)策略方面尚未达成一致。我们旨在提供一份以医生实际操作为导向的、针对ICU中不同MDRO暴发的策略概述。我们对ICU中的IPC进行了叙述性综述,调查了患者与工作人员的比例;教育、隔离、去定植、筛查和卫生措施;暴发报告;成本效益;繁殖数(R)以及未来展望。最有效的IPC策略仍然未知。大多数研究聚焦于特定病原体或疾病,这使得临床医生忽略了整体情况。无论类型、国家和病原体如何,IPC策略已证明其具有成本效益。应制定一个标准化、通用且务实的医护人员教育方案。同样,开发一种快速暴发识别工具(即一种易于使用的数学模型)将改善早期诊断并防止传播。需要进一步研究以表达对MDRO去定植支持或反对的观点。新的有前景的策略正在出现,需要在实际中进行测试。缺乏IPC策略的应用过去是、现在仍然是导致ICU成为社区中主要MDRO储存库的原因。在不远的将来,基因工程和噬菌体疗法可能会成为MDRO的IPC策略中的一个转折点。