Ana Borrajo
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Biomedicines. 2024 Aug 2;12(8):1737. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12081737.
Microglial cells exhibit properties akin to macrophages, thereby enabling them to support and protect the central nervous system environment. Aging induces alterations in microglial polarization, resulting in a shift toward a neurotoxic phenotype characterized by increased expression of pro-inflammatory markers. Dysregulation of microglial cells' regulatory pathways and interactions with neurons contribute to chronic activation and neurodegeneration. A better understanding of the involvement of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's is a critical topic for studying the role of inflammatory responses in disease progression. Furthermore, the metabolic changes in aged microglia, including the downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation, are discussed in this review. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing better preventive and therapeutic strategies.
小胶质细胞表现出与巨噬细胞相似的特性，从而使其能够支持和保护中枢神经系统环境。衰老会诱导小胶质细胞极化发生改变，导致向以促炎标志物表达增加为特征的神经毒性表型转变。小胶质细胞调节途径的失调以及与神经元的相互作用会导致慢性激活和神经退行性变。更好地理解小胶质细胞在阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病等神经退行性疾病中的作用，是研究炎症反应在疾病进展中作用的关键课题。此外，本综述还讨论了衰老小胶质细胞的代谢变化，包括氧化磷酸化的下调。了解这些机制对于制定更好的预防和治疗策略至关重要。
