Chen Guangjing, Sun Juyan, Dai Qinghua, Sun Meiwen, Hu Peng
College of Food Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China.
School of Pharmacy, Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou 412012, China.
Foods. 2024 Aug 7;13(16):2483. doi: 10.3390/foods13162483.
The selection of an optimal drying method is essential for extending the shelf life and enhancing the quality of fruits. This study investigated the effects of both innovative (microwave vacuum drying and infrared drying) and traditional (freeze-drying and hot air drying) techniques on the structural characteristics and bioactivities of polysaccharides from fruits (RSPs). Four different RSPs were obtained from fruits dried using these methods. Results demonstrated that the structural characteristics and bioactivities of RSPs varied significantly with the drying method. Notable differences were observed in extraction yield, total sugar, uronic acid content, monosaccharide molar ratios, molecular weight distribution, particle size, thermal stability, and microstructures of RSPs. Despite these variations, the types of constituent monosaccharides and major glycosidic linkages remained consistent across all methods. Notably, RSPs obtained via microwave vacuum drying (RSPs-MVD) showed a higher uronic acid content and lower molecular weight, and exhibited stronger in vitro antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory, and antiglycation activities. These findings suggest that microwave vacuum drying is an effective pre-drying technique for extracting RSPs, making them suitable as bioactive ingredients in functional foods and pharmaceuticals for managing diabetes mellitus and its complications.
选择最佳干燥方法对于延长水果保质期和提高水果品质至关重要。本研究调查了创新技术（微波真空干燥和红外干燥）和传统技术（冷冻干燥和热风干燥）对水果多糖（RSPs）结构特征和生物活性的影响。使用这些方法干燥水果得到了四种不同的RSPs。结果表明，RSPs的结构特征和生物活性因干燥方法而异。在RSPs的提取率、总糖、糖醛酸含量、单糖摩尔比、分子量分布、粒径、热稳定性和微观结构方面观察到显著差异。尽管存在这些差异，但所有方法中组成单糖的类型和主要糖苷键保持一致。值得注意的是，通过微波真空干燥获得的RSPs（RSPs-MVD）显示出较高的糖醛酸含量和较低的分子量，并表现出较强的体外抗氧化、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制和抗糖化活性。这些发现表明，微波真空干燥是提取RSPs的有效预干燥技术，使其适合作为功能性食品和药物中用于管理糖尿病及其并发症的生物活性成分。
