Hou Min, Wu Yue
School of Computer Science, Sichuan University Jinjiang College, Meishan 620860, China.
Network and Data Security Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
Entropy (Basel). 2024 Aug 13;26(8):682. doi: 10.3390/e26080682.
Quantum private comparison (QPC) represents a cryptographic approach that enables two parties to determine whether their confidential data are equivalent, without disclosing the actual values. Most existing QPC protocols utilizing single photons or Bell states are considered highly feasible, but they suffer from inefficiency. To address this issue, we present a novel QPC protocol that capitalizes on the entanglement property of Bell states and local operations to meet the requirements of efficiency. In the proposed protocol, two participants with private inputs perform local operations on shared Bell states received from a semi-honest third party (STP). Afterward, the modified qubits are returned to the STP, who can then determine the equality of the private inputs and relay the results to the participants. A simulation on the IBM Quantum Cloud Platform confirmed the feasibility of our protocol, and a security analysis further demonstrated that the STP and both participants were unable to learn anything about the individual private inputs. In comparison to other QPC protocols, our proposed solution offers superior performance in terms of efficiency.
量子私密比较（QPC）是一种加密方法，它能使双方在不泄露实际值的情况下确定其机密数据是否相等。大多数现有的利用单光子或贝尔态的QPC协议被认为具有高度可行性，但它们效率低下。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种新颖的QPC协议，该协议利用贝尔态的纠缠特性和局部操作来满足效率要求。在所提出的协议中，两个拥有私有输入的参与者对从半诚实第三方（STP）接收的共享贝尔态执行局部操作。之后，修改后的量子比特被返回给STP，STP随后可以确定私有输入的相等性并将结果转发给参与者。在IBM量子云平台上的模拟证实了我们协议的可行性，安全分析进一步表明STP和两个参与者都无法了解任何关于各个私有输入的信息。与其他QPC协议相比，我们提出的解决方案在效率方面具有卓越的性能。
