Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy.
Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy.
Molecules. 2024 Aug 14;29(16):3845. doi: 10.3390/molecules29163845.
The potential of utilizing inorganic constituents in processed animal proteins (PAPs) for species identification in animal feeds was investigated, with the aim of using these constituents to ensure the quality and authenticity of the products. This study aimed to quantify the inorganic content across various PAP species and assess whether inorganic analysis could effectively differentiate between PAP species, ultimately aiding in the identification of PAP fractions in animal feeds. Four types of PAPs, namely bovine, swine, poultry, and fish-based, were analyzed and compared to others made up of feathers of vegetal-based feed. Also, three insect-based PAPs (Cricket, Silkworm, Flour Moth) were considered in this study to evaluate the differences in terms of the nutrients present in this type of feed. Ionic chromatography (IC) was used to reveal the concentrations of NO, NO, Cl, and SO, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) to detect Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Si, Sr, Ti, and Zn. The application of multivariate chemometric techniques to the experimental results allowed us to determine the identification capability of the inorganic composition to identify correlations among the variables and to reveal similarities and differences among the different species. The results show the possibility of using this component for discriminating between different PAPS; in particular, fish PAPs are high in Cd, Sr, Na, and Mg content; swine PAPs have lower metal content due to high fat; feathers and vegetal feed have similar Al, Si, and Ni, but feathers are higher in Fe and Zn; and insect PATs have nutrient levels comparable to PAPs of other origins but are very high in Zn, Cu, and K.
研究了利用加工动物蛋白（PAP）中的无机成分进行动物饲料中物种鉴定的潜力，旨在利用这些成分确保产品的质量和真实性。本研究旨在量化各种 PAP 物种中的无机含量，并评估无机分析是否能有效地区分 PAP 物种，最终有助于鉴定动物饲料中的 PAP 馏分。分析了四种类型的 PAP，即牛、猪、禽和鱼源，并与其他由植物性饲料羽毛制成的 PAP 进行了比较。此外，本研究还考虑了三种基于昆虫的 PAP（蟋蟀、蚕、粉蛾），以评估这种饲料中存在的营养素的差异。离子色谱法（IC）用于揭示 NO、NO、Cl 和 SO 的浓度，电感耦合等离子体光学发射光谱法（ICP-OES）用于检测 Al、Ca、Cd、Cr、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Si、Sr、Ti 和 Zn。多元化学计量技术在实验结果中的应用使我们能够确定无机成分的识别能力，以识别变量之间的相关性，并揭示不同物种之间的相似性和差异性。结果表明，该成分有可能用于区分不同的 PAP；特别是，鱼源 PAP 中 Cd、Sr、Na 和 Mg 含量较高；猪源 PAP 由于脂肪含量高，金属含量较低；羽毛和植物性饲料具有相似的 Al、Si 和 Ni，但羽毛中 Fe 和 Zn 含量较高；而昆虫 PAT 具有与其他来源 PAP 相当的营养水平，但 Zn、Cu 和 K 含量非常高。
